Biology Eco Review

Which statement provides the best explanation for the difference in biomass of organisms found at each trophic level?

• Organisms at higher trophic level have less energy available to them than organism at lower trophic levels.

• Organisms at higher trophic levels require smaller habitats that organisms at lower trophic levels.

• Organisms at lower trophic levels provide less energy than organisms at higher trophic levels.

• Organisms at lower trophic levels outcompete organisms at higher trophic levels.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana, is a light reddish-brown translucent salamander about 2–5 cm in length. E. nana is found only in Spring Lake and a portion of the San Marcos River.

Which human activity would most likely decrease the ability of the salamanders to survive?

• Increasing water consumption that decreases the flow of clean water from the springs that

  feed the river

• Public transportation that reduces the number of automobiles that contribute to pollution

  runoff into the river

• Tourism that helps fund the educational programs related to river ecosystem conservation

• The addition of a new food source into the river that limits competition for resources

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A remora is a fish that has an adhesive disk on the back of its head that it uses to attach to a large shark. When food floats away from the shark's mouth as it feeds. Drawings of a shark with a remora attached and a remora's adhesive disk are shown. The relationship of the remora and the shark is........

• Predation

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Competition

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• Biosphere

• Organelle

• Ecosystem

• Community

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

Which statement is an example of how carbon moves through a food chain as part of the carbon cycle?

•  Producers release carbon dioxide, and consumers take it in. 

• Producers take in carbon dioxide, and consumers release it.

• Producers take in carbon from the soil, and they release it when they decompose.

• Producers release carbon into the soil, and consumers take it in from the soil.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The giant octopus lays 20,000 to 100,000 fertilized eggs. After hatching, most octopuses become prey to larger marine organisms, and less than 5% will reach adulthood to reproduce. One benefit of the giant octopus laying many eggs is to — 

•  increase the average body size for surviving individuals to avoid predation 

• decrease competition between different octopus species to maintain resources in the population

•  increase the chance that more individuals will survive to maintain the population

• decrease the likelihood of offspring being consumed by predators

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Students construct a graphic organizer to illustrate the different levels of biological organization.

Which terms does the X represent?

• cell

• organism

• ecosystem

• biosphere