AP Biology Genome Control

What is the function of the poly-A tail in mRNA?

• to add modified guanin to the 3' end of the mRNA

• to indicate the site of translational termination

• to code for the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA

• to help protect the mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes 

Translation is crucial to the process of making proteins. Which statement best describes what takes place during translation?

• A copy of chromosomal DNA is created 

• Information in mRNA is converted into a sequence of amino acids in a protein 

• A RNA copy of a DNA strand is made.
  

• Instructions from DNA in the nucleus are brought to the cytoplasm 

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

How do the three types of RNA work together?

• mRNA carries message, tRNA carries amino acids, and rRNA makes ribosome

• mRNA makes ribosomes, tRNA carries amino acids, and rRNA relays information

• mRNA carries amino acids, tRNA transfer message, and rRNA makes ribosome

• mRNA is made, tRNA holds the DNA in place, and rRNA removes the deoxyribose

What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

• the nucleotide sequence of the template strand

• the primase used in the reaction

When DNA is compacted by histones into 10 nm and 30 nm fibers, the DNA is unable to interact with proteins required for gene expression. Therefore, to allow for these proteins to act, the chromatin must constantly alter its structure. Which processes contribute to this dynamic activity?

• methylation and phosphorylation of histone tails

• nucleotide excision and reconstruction

Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of proteinʹs activity?

• It might substitute an amino acid in the active site.

• It might exchange one stop codon for another stop codon.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

This can inhibit transcription by blocking the binding of positively acting transcription factors to the DNA:

• enhancer

• promoter

• repressor

Which of the following would be transcribed from the following DNA sequence? 3' ATC GAA TTA CGA 5'

• 5' UAG CUU AAU GCU 3'

• 5' AUC GAA UUA CGA 3'

• 3' UCG UAA UUC UAG 5'

• 3' TAG CTT AAT GCT 5'

• 5' TAG CTT AAT GCT 3'

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Where does RNA polymerase bind to DNA?

• at an activator site

• on the coding gene sequence

• at a promoter region

• downstream of the coding sequence

• Where the RNA primer is placed

Which of the following occur during RNA processing? (more than 1 answer applies)

• exons can be removed

• spliceosomes remove introns

• a poly-A tail and GTP cap are added

• DNA helicase unzips DNA

• activator sequences initiate transcription