Cell Respiration AP Bio

The figure shows an organelle typically found in eukaryotic cells. Which of the following best describes the function of the double membrane system of this organelle?

• The outer membrane allows the transport of all molecules into the intermembrane space, while the inner membrane serves as the regulatory boundary.

• The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix.

• The outer membrane contains transport proteins that establish a sodium ion concentration gradient used for ATP production, while the inner membrane contains transport proteins that establish a hydrogen ion concentration gradient used for glucose production.

• The toxins and wastes entering a cell cross the outer membrane and are detoxified by digestive enzymes stored within the intermembrane space.

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Which of the following steps of cellular respiration could be described as “the breakdown of 1 glucose molecule by enzymes into 2 3-carbon pyruvate molecules, which releases energy”?

• Glycolysis

• Link Reaction

• Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle

• Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Which of the following DO NOT contain carbon atoms that were originally present in glucose at the start of cellular respiration?

• pyruvate

• citrate

• carbon dioxide

• none of these are correct

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation of acetyl-CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under several different conditions. Which of the following best describes the cellular location where pyruvate dehydrogenase is most likely active?

• The cytosol

• The lysosomes

• The nucleus

• The mitochondrial matrix

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What is chemiosmosis?

• The diffusion of water down an electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

• A proton gradient that drives the oxidation-reduction reactions of electron transport.

• The kinetic energy of diffusing protons that drives the synthesis of ATP.

• An ATP synthase enzyme that pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

In glycolysis, _____ is oxidized and _____ is reduced.

• glucose, NAD+

• pyruvate, NAD+

• glucose, NADH

• pyruvate, NADH

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NADH is a ______ form of NAD+.

• Reduced

• Oxidized

• Catabolized

• Hydrolized

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Which molecules are made during the Krebs Cycle to power the electron transport chain?

• ATP and CO₂

• ATP and NADH

• NADH and FADH₂

• ADP, NAD⁺ and FAD⁺

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Which molecule enters Kreb's Cycle?

• Pyruvate

• Glucose

• Acetyl CoA

• reducing powers

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Site of the krebs cycle

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

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