Evolution Fitness

Darwin judged the fitness of individuals by

• ability to defend itself.

• strategy to obtain food.

• number of offspring produced.

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Natural selection is based on all of the following except

• genetic variation exists within populations.

• the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.

• individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young.

• populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.

• individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.

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During drought years on the Galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare, leaving mostly large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If a drought persists for several years, what should one expect to result from natural selection?

• Small birds gaining larger beaks by exercising their mouth parts.

• Small birds mutating their beak genes with the result that later-generation offspring have larger beaks.

• Small birds anticipating the long drought and eating more to gain weight and, consequently, growing larger beaks.

• More small-beaked birds dying than larger-beaked birds. The offspring produced in subsequent generations have a higher percentage of birds with large beaks.

• Larger birds eating less so smaller birds can survive.

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When we say that an individual organism has a greater fitness than another individual, we specifically mean that the organism

• lives longer than others of its species.

• competes for resources more successfully than others of its species.

• mates more frequently than others of its species.

• utilizes resources more efficiently than other species occupying similar niches.

• leaves more viable offspring than others of its species.

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What determines an organism's biological fitness?

• How strong it is

• A lack of mutations

• It's lifespan

• The number of offspring it produces

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Organisms with the most beneficial traits will survive.  This is commonly known as ___.

• theory of evolution

• variations
  

• survival of the fittest

• ecosystems
  

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Which moth has better fitness before the industrial revolution?

• Black

• White

• Birds

• Pollution

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a system in which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than other individuals (with non-favorable adaptations) do.

• Natural Selection

• Artificial Selection

• Evolution

• Variation

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When the DNA and body functions of organisms are changed to help them survive.

• Biological Adaptation

• Behavioral Adaptation

• Behavioral Variation

• Biological Variation

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Which mice are better suited for their environment?

• Top 2 mice.

• Bottom 2 mice.

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