IB Biology Topic 9

The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms.Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram? 

• The organisms share a common ancestry.

• The organisms belong to the same genus.

• The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.

• The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.

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The diagram represents the relationship between beak structure and food in several species of finches found on the Galapagos Islands. The different beak structures observed in the diagram are evidence of

• different species of finches adapting to different environments over many generations

• finches changing their beak characteristics so that they could feed efficiently

• finch species with different beak structures coming to the Galapagos Islands from the mainland

• finches mating with birds of other species and acquiring some of their traits

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Over generations of time apart on different islands with different food sources, the separated populations of Galapagos finches accumulated genetic differences until each group had different beaks. This is an example of _____

• natural selection

• genetic drift

• adaptation

• speciation

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The forelimbs of mammals have similar anatomy because these groups descended from a recent common ancestor. Their bone structure is an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

• vestigial

• analogous

• homologous

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A group of species that share a common ancestor is called?

• Phylum

• Taxonomy

• Homologous Trait

• Clade

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What is accepted by scientists as evidence of evolution?

• I only

• I and II only

• I and III only

• I, II and III

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Humans use their pelvis and femur to walk. In whales, pelvis and femur are.....

• Vestigial Structures

• Analogous Structures

• Mutations

• Acquired Traits

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Analogous structures are similar because.....

• Common Ancestry

• Identical Appearance

• Similar Use

• Artificial Selection

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Lichens are returning to the forests of the industrial areas of the UK due to strict pollution control. What is the expected outcome in the population of peppered moths (Biston betularia)?

• Increased numbers of light coloured peppered moths

• Increased industrial melanism in peppered moths

• Increased predation of peppered moths

• Increased speciation of peppered moths

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According to fossil records, the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker and slower than modern horses. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have led to the increased size, strength, and speed in horses?

• commensalism

• inbreeding

• migration

• evolution by natural selection

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