Biology EOC Vocab

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure?

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• mitochondrion

• vacuole

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These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• Mutations in the cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

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Which statement best explains why animals are considered heterotrophic?

• They are able to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.

• They are able to produce food through the process of respiration.

• They are able to obtain nutrients by decomposing plant and animal tissue.

• They are able to obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or their products.

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Which effect could a mutation in mRNA have on the production of proteins?

• The protein produced will have a different identity.

• The protein produced will have a coiled shape.

• The protein produced will produce excess nitrogen.

• The protein produced will produce excess water.

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What carries the instructions for making amino acids in a protein?

• the nitrogen base on the tRNA

• the hydrogen bonding between nitrogen bases

• the sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA

• the nitrogen base bonding on the DNA molecule

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Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration?

• carbon dioxide + glucose --> oxygen + water

• carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen

• glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water

• oxygen + water ---> carbon dioxide + glucose

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SC.912. . L.14.1 To help patients replenish bodily fluids quickly during an illness, doctors need to understand how cells behave in their environment. Doctors have confidence in what they know about how cells behave because

• cell theory has been tested, refined, and observed to be true over hundreds of years

• large medical institutions have conducted their own experiments justifying cell theory

• the basics of cell theory have not changed much since the original experiments

• what we know about cell theory has been published in reputable journals

SC. 912.L.14.1 Which of the following best summarizes why the technological invention of microscopes was important to biology?

• It allowed for development of the cell theory.

• It created a means of funding for cell research.

• It created public interest and support for research.

• It proved that cells could form spontaneously.

SC. 912.L.14.3 Which of the following characteristics defines a cell as a eukaryote?

• Being able to move

• Being able to reproduce

• Having a nucleus

• Having ribosomes

SC. 912. L.14.3 Which statement best compares a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

• Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes have a cell membrane.

• Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures.

• Eukaryotes use active transport to move substances across the cell membrane, while prokaryotes use facilitated diffusion.

• Eukaryotes use flagella to move themselves through substances, while prokaryotes are not able to move.