Biomolecules Functions

Which type of carbohydrate is most likely to provide the highest amount of energy when broken down in cells?

• Cellulose

• Starch

• Glycogen

• Chitin

Answer explanation

Starch is a polysaccharide that is easily broken down into glucose, providing a high amount of energy. In contrast, cellulose and chitin are structural carbohydrates, while glycogen, though energy-rich, is less abundant than starch in plants.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Which of the following macromolecules is a prominent part of animal tissue that functions in helping animals conserve heat?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Answer explanation

Lipids are a key component of animal tissue, particularly in the form of fat, which helps insulate the body and conserve heat. Unlike carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, lipids are specifically suited for energy storage and thermal regulation.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Which biomolecules serve as the main sources of energy for cells?

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids

Answer explanation

Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for cells, as they are easily broken down into glucose, which fuels cellular processes. While lipids and proteins can also provide energy, carbohydrates are the most efficient and preferred source.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

What macromolecule is involved in nearly every function in the human body?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Answer explanation

Proteins are essential macromolecules that play a crucial role in nearly every function in the human body, including structure, transport, enzymes, and immune response, making them vital for overall health and biological processes.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Carbohydrates are broken down into smaller molecules for what purpose?

• to form cell membranes

• to form muscle

• to transmit genetic information

• to provide energy

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

This macromolecule breaks down into sugars such as glucose.

• Lipids/Fats

• Nucleic Acids

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

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NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Which organic molecule serves as a catalyst?

• lipid

• protein

• carbohydrate

• nucleic acid

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NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Which statements regarding enzymes are correct? Select TWO correct answers.

• Enzymes increase the activation energy of reactions.

• Enzymes are specific to substrates.

• Enzymes are consumed in reactions.

• Enzymes can be reused.

Answer explanation

Enzymes are specific to substrates, meaning each enzyme typically catalyzes a specific reaction. Additionally, enzymes can be reused multiple times in reactions without being consumed, allowing them to facilitate many reactions.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Investigate and explain the role of enzymes in facilitating cellular processes.

• Enzymes act as structural components in cells.

• Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

• Enzymes store genetic information.

• Enzymes provide energy for cellular processes.

Answer explanation

Enzymes are crucial for cellular processes as they speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required. This allows metabolic reactions to occur more efficiently, which is essential for life.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Letter D...

• active site

• enzyme

• substrate

• products