Orbital Diagrams Rules and Principles

Electron arrangement that uses arrows

• Electron configuration

• Shorthand configuration

• Lewis dot structure

• Orbital diagram

What does Hund's rule states ?

• states that single electrons electrons with the same spin must occupy each-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

• states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available
  

• states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital, but if only if the electros have opposite spins

What does Pauli exclusion principle state ?

• states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

• states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital, but if only if the electros have opposite spins

• states that single electrons electrons with the same spin must occupy each-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals

Electrons occupy orbitals of lowest energy first is part of what electron configuration rule?

• Hund’s Rule

• Aufbau Principle
  

• Pauli Exclusion Principle

According to Hund's rule, what is the electron configuration for the p orbitals in a neutral nitrogen atom?

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

Which of these is WRONG?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Answer explanation

D is wrong because the final electron must have the same spin as the other electrons in its orbital. The others are up, so that electron must be up as well.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Name the three rules or principles that determine how electrons are arranged in an atom's orbitals when the atom is in the ground state.

• Pauli Exclusion Principle, Hund's Rule, Aufbau Principle

• Bohr's Model, Rutherford's Model, Quantum Model

• Newton's Laws, Kepler's Laws, Ohm's Law

• Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of Definite Proportions, Law of Multiple Proportions

What principle helps determine electron configurations for atoms in the ground state?

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The Pauli exclusion principle is used in modeling electron arrangements in atoms by:

• allowing electrons to occupy the same quantum state within an atom.

• preventing electrons from occupying the same quantum state within an atom.

• allowing electrons to have the same set of quantum numbers.

• preventing electrons from having different sets of quantum numbers.

The role of Hund's rule in electron configuration is to:

• maximize the total spin of electrons in degenerate orbitals

• minimize the total energy of the atom

• ensure electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first

• pair electrons in orbitals before moving to the next