Regents Review Cell Transport and Biochemistry

A ____ contains polar and nonpolar ends, forming the plasma membrane.

• microtubule

• transport protein

• cytoskeleton

• phospholipid bilayer

The movement of molecules from a high concentration area to low concentration area.

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Active Transport

• Passive Transport

Movement through membranes that do not need energy to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Active Transport

• Passive Transport

Movement through membranes that need energy to move from low concentration areas to high concentration areas.

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Active Transport

• Passive Transport

Proteins built into the cell membrane which require energy to bind and to allow signal molecules in and out of the cell.

• receptor proteins

• transport proteins

• marker proteins

• channel proteins

Diffusion is the movement of a substance

• through a lipid bilayer

• only in water

• from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

• from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of active transport?

• It moves substances against a concentration gradient

• It requires energy from the cell

• It involves facilitated diffusion

• It relies on carrier proteins that often function as the sodium potassium pump

How is the plasma membrane of a cell organized?

• one layer of phospholipids, through which proteins freely move

• one layer of phospholipids, which are laid out end-to-end, with a hydrophobic tail touching a hydrophilic head

• two layers of phospholipids, each of which has its hydrophilic side turned inward

• two layers of phospholipids, with their polar hydrophilic heads facing away from each other

Which movement of substances through a cell membrane against a concentration gradient requires energy?

• osmosis

• diffusion

• active transport

• facilitated diffusion

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a cell’s environment. This includes the regulation of sodium ion (Na+) concentration within the cytoplasm. If too much Na+ is inside a cell, how can the concentration be changed?

• More Na+ ions will enter the cell through the plasma membrane.

• Excess Na+ ions will leave the cell via osmosis.

• Excess Na+ ions will be transported out through membrane protein channels.

• More Na+ ions will be transported in through membrane protein channels.

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