Natural Selection and Fitness

If an organism has the trait of fitness it will

• be able to get used to a new environment

• survive and reproduce

• have a mutation

• live a very long life

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According to natural selection, dark colored tree trunks would favor

• light colored moths

• dark colored moths

• red colored moths

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A giraffe has a long neck in order to better reach leaves to eat. This is an example of _____.

• an adaptation

• environment

• response

• stimulus

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When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is.......

• natural selection

• artificial variation

• artificial selection

• survival of the fittest

Since the 1800s humans have stopped burning coal, and the trees have returned to their original color. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?

• Dark moth

• Light moth

• Both will be equally successful

• Neither will be successful

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Label the natural selection graphs correctly...

• 1 Stabilizing, 2 Directional, 3 Disruptive

• 1 Disruptive, 2 Stabilizing, 3 Directional

• 1 Directional, 2 Stabilizing, 3 Disruptive

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Female birds that lay close to the optimum number of eggs have the most surviving offspring. Those that lay fewer or more eggs have lower relative fitness.

• Stabilizing

• Directional

• Disruptive

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Starlings produce an average of five eggs. If there are more than five the parents cannot adequately feed the young. Fewer than five and predators may destroy them. As a result, five eggs becomes the most common number.

• Stabilizing

• Directional

• Disruptive

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Seed cracker birds have either large beaks or small beaks. They do not have medium sized beaks because medium sized beaks do not allow for adequate cracking of seeds.

• Stabilizing

• Directional

• Disruptive

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A scientist measures the circumference of acorns in a population of oak trees and discovers that the most common circumference is 2 cm. There are very few acorns with circumferences of 3 cm or circumferences of 1 cm. Only the 2 cm circumference acorns survive.

• Stabilizing

• Directional

• Disruptive

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