Fssa Earth Science Review

A convergent plate boundary of two continental plates will make what kind of landform?

• ridge

• mountain

• volcano

• trench

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

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What kind of tectonic plate movement will produce trenches and volcanoes?

• convergent (oceanic/oceanic)

• convergent (continental/continental)

• Divergent (oceanic/oceanic)

• Transform

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The transfer of heat is responsible for many of the events that occur on Earth. Which of the following events is most directly caused by radiation from the Sun?

• the circulation of air

• the warming of Earth’s surface

• the movement of ocean currents

• the movement within Earth’s mantle

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Which of the following best explains how minerals get into streams?

• Rainwater that is high in minerals from the atmosphere falls into the stream.

• The stream absorbs minerals from the plants growing in and around its banks.

• Rainwater dissolves minerals out of the rocks and soil along the stream during runoff.

• When water evaporates from the ocean, it takes minerals with it and redeposits them as rainwater into the stream.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Why is the greenhouse effect important to life on Earth?

• The greenhouse effect absorbs x-rays in the winter time.

• The greenhouse effect helps Earth’s atmosphere hold in heat.

• The greenhouse effect makes it much colder at the North and South poles.

• The greenhouse effect reflects harmful radiation into the upper atmosphere.

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What is the source of energy that drives Earth’s tectonic movement, the formation of earthquakes, and the eruption of volcanoes?

• tidal energy from Earth’s oceans

• heat energy from Earth’s molten layers

• magnetic energy from Earth’s magnetic field

• light energy from the Sun that reaches Earth’s surface

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

In the rock cycle, one form of rock can be changed into another through various events that occur in the layers of Earth. Which statement describes the connection between plate tectonics and the rock cycle?

• As the plates move, particles are broken off from the plates and form the basis of sedimentary rocks.

• The uplifting of metamorphic rocks and the added heat of conduction causes the plates to move at a slower pace.

• As rock particles are moved out to sea and deposited as igneous rock, they cause the tectonic plates to move apart faster.

• The movement of tectonic plates causes an increase in magma production by volcanoes leading to the development of

  sedimentary rocks.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Scientists discovered fossil evidence of the same types of plants and animals in different continents. In addition, some of the fossil evidence found are from organisms that could not possibly have lived in an environment that is now established on the continent in which the fossil was found. What conclusion could scientists make concerning the fossil evidence found and the evolution of Earth over geologic time?

• Each continent has similar plants and animals because they have adapted to their environment.

• During early voyages, plants and animals must have come over on the ships used for exploration.

• The location of continents on Earth’s surface must have changed over time due to tectonic movement.

• Early mapmakers had the original locations of the continents wrong and they are located exactly where they have always been.

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Which characteristic of the outer core makes it unique among the other layers of Earth?

• The outer core is the densest, making it more rigid than the other layers.

• The outer core is the only layer made of silicate rock, allowing it to flow and move in convection currents.

• The outer core is the hottest of all the layers, creating a buildup of pressure that makes it solid.

• The outer core is the only layer that is composed of liquid metal, making it responsible for Earth’s magnetic field.

Folding and faulting are two examples of slow changes by which plate tectonics can shape Earth’s surface. Which of the following describes a difference between these two processes?

• Folding is caused by circular movement of the plates around each other, while faulting causes pressure and heat to be reduced.

• Folding begins with the fracturing of the rock, while faulting takes place when high heat and pressure are exerted horizontally.

• Folding takes place when pressure and heat bend rock horizontally or vertically, while faulting begins with fracturing of the rock.

• Folding is caused by forces of the plates found close to the surface of Earth, while faulting occurs through continental collisions deep within Earth.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2