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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Element R and Element Q have the same number of valence electrons. These elements both have similar chemical behavior, but Element R has fewer energy levels than Element Q. Which statement best describes the positions of the two elements in the periodic table?

• The two elements are in the same period, with Element R the first element in the period and Element Q the last element.

• The two elements are side by side in the same period, with Element Q to the left of Element R.

• The two elements are in the same group, with Element R just above Element Q.

• The two elements are in the same group, with Element Q at the top of the group and Element R at the bottom.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

A student obtains two strips of magnesium, Mg, ribbon that are each 3 cm long. One strip of magnesium is placed in a test tube containing 5 mL of water, and the other strip is placed in a test tube containing 5 mL of hydrochloric acid, HCl. Both liquids are at room temperature. The student’s observations are recorded in the table. Which statement is not supported by the student’s observations?

• A chemical reaction takes place between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.

• A gas is released in Test Tube 2.

• The substances in both test tubes are reactive only at high temperatures.

• Energy is released in the reaction involving hydrochloric acid.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Four students were asked to name the parts of an atom that determine the atom’s identity and chemical properties. The students’ responses are shown in the table below. Which student’s responses are correct?

• Student 1

• Student 2

• Student 3

• Student 4

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Nitrogen dioxide is a gas that can be generated by emissions from vehicles and factories. It can also be generated by natural sources, such as forest fires, lightning, and microbial activity in soil. The equation for producing nitrogen dioxide is shown below. Which of these provides evidence that a chemical reaction occurs?

• A gas is present.

• The total number of atoms remains unchanged.

• The state of matter remains the same.

• A brown gas is produced.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Which of the following best describes an electron?

• It has no charge and about the same mass as a proton.

• It has a negative charge and much less mass than a proton.

• It has a positive charge and much more mass than a neutron.

• It has a negative charge and about the same mass as a neutron.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-3

A scientist spilled a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) on a lab table. For safety purposes, the scientist sprinkled some baking soda (NaHCO₃) onto the spill. Which observation would provide the best evidence that a chemical reaction occurred?

• The baking soda and hydrochloric acid combined, and bubbles formed.

• The baking soda absorbed the hydrochloric acid.

• Some of the baking soda dissolved in the hydrochloric acid.

• The hydrochloric acid evaporated, leaving only the baking soda.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

When trying to identify an unknown element, a scientist determines what other elements the unknown element reacts with chemically. Which property of the unknown element determines the other elements it reacts with?

• The total number of neutrons in the unknown element

• The total number of particles in the nuckleus of the unknown element

• The number of protons in the nucleus of the unknown element

• The number of valence electrons in the unknown wlwment

The model of the periodic table below shows the locations of four elements. A student is asked to identify an element that is a pale-yellow brittle solid and does not conduct electricity. At which location in this periodic table would the element most likely be found?

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How many atoms of oxygen are in a molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)

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• 24

• 3

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1