LS4

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Looking at the diagram, which layer is the oldest?

• dolomite

• limestone

• basalt

• beach sand

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

The Law of Superposition helps scientists to determine what?

• The absolute age of rock layers

• The age of fossils

• The relative age of rock layers

• the super powers of rocks

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

If layer W is 100 million years old and layer Z is 500 million year old, how old is layer X?

• over 500 million years old

• under 100 million years old

• there is no way to estimate the age of layer X

• between 100 and 500 million years old

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

What can we discover about ancient life by studying sedimentary rocks?

• Which kinds of organisms went extinct and how long they survived.

• The number of chambers in a dinosaur’s heart and how loud a lion roared.

• How a species’ physical structure changed over time.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Fossil evidence suggests that horse’s physical structure began changing around 55 million years ago. Fossils of forest plants have been found near the first horse fossils, but mainly grassland fossils are found near later horse fossils.

Which statement is the most logical conclusion based on this fossil evidence?

• Modern horses are not structurally similar to ancient horses.

• Body size in horses increased in response to environmental changes.

• Body size in horses remained unchanged because its environment stayed the same.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The fossil evidence found in these sedimentary layers reveals that...?

• vertebrate organisms (backbones) developed after invertebrates (without backbones)

• carnivores evolved from omnivores and herbivores during the Cretaceous period

• organisms with exoskeletons caused the extinction of organisms with endoskeletons

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Based on this fossil record, what conclusions can you draw about this region?

• Comparing the structure of the Mesozoic Era fossils with the structure of the Cenozoic Era fossils reveals that these marine organisms evolved to become land organisms.

• Based on this fossil record, we can conclude that marine organisms were driven to extinction by terrestrial invaders which took over the aquatic environment.

• Marine fossils show that an ocean once covered this area, and terrestrial fossils show that uplifting occurred which resulted in the return of land animals.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

At layer F there is an index fossil called a trilobite which thrived in the Cambrian period. Which choice best explains why no trilobite fossils are in any strata above layer F?

• This fossil record does include additional trilobites with structural adaptations.

• An asteroid impact caused the trilobites to migrate to a different region.

• The environment changed resulting in the extinction of the trilobites.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

A paleontologist was digging for fossils at several cliff faces in Colorado. As she excavated deeper down the geologic column, she noticed that the fossils looked different.

What did she most likely observe regarding structure and function as she went down the cliff face?

• More complex organisms were found only in the older rock layers

• Simpler and less complex organisms were found at deeper depths in older rock.

• Simpler and less complex organisms were found closer to the surface in younger rock.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2