Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology

Which of the following is true of the respiratory

structures?

• Gas exchange takes place across all structures of the lower respiratory tract.

• Bronchioles do not collapse because they have large rings of cartilage that provide structural support.

• Alveoli have the greatest surface area

• Alveoli have a thick layer of smooth muscle that determines air flow through the lower respiratory passages.

Activation of beta2-adrenergic receptors and

relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle:

• increases air flow to the alveoli.

• increases thoracic volume.

• decreases intrapleural pressure.

• causes exhalation.

Contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal

muscles:

• increases intrapulmonic pressure

• increases thoracic volume

• is caused by the secretion of surfactant

• decreases thoracic volume

Vital Capacity is:

• the same as total lung capacity

• measured during normal quiet breathing

• the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled following maximal inhalation

• aka tidal volume

Which of the following neural structures contains the respiratory control center?

• Broca's Area

• Precentral Gyrus

• Medulla Oblongata

• Hypothalamus

What is the term for the tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gas exchange?

• bronchus

• trachea

• alveoli

• bronchioles

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

The main breathing tube from the from the mouth and nose leading to the lungs is called the:

• diaphragm

• bronchiole

• trachea

• bronchus

The two branches off of the trachea are the left and right:

• lungs

• bronchioles

• bronchus

• diaphragm

What is the name of the tiny hairs that protect the nasal passageways, trachea and and other parts of the respiratory tract and filter out foreign matter and organisms that are inhaled with the air?

• capillaries

• bronchioles

• cilia

• alveoli

The "windpipe" is known as the

• alveoli

• esophagus

• trachea

• bronchi