AP Biology Gene Expression and Regulation

Which of the following is a similarity between the process prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms implement for protein synthesis?

• Transcription takes place in the nucleus, translation takes place in the cytoplasm

• Introns are removed by spliceosomes

• RNA processing adds a cap and tail to the mature RNA strand

• Transcription and translation happen simultaneously

• Ribosomes for phosphodiester bonds between amino acids

Bacterial cells that contain pGal will fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of replacing the lacA gene in the E. coli lac operon with the gene encoding pGal?

• When lacY and lac Z are breaking down and transporting lactose, the bacteria will fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light

• lacZ will only produce the enzyme for breaking down galactose in the presence of ultraviolet light

• the repressor enzyme will only be able to bind to the operator under the presence of lactose

• When the regulatory gene is stimulated by lactose, it will cause the gene to fluoresce blue

• All structural genes downstream from the placement of lacA will be inhibited due to this substitution mutation.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?

• hydrogen

• ionic

• covalent

What is meant by the description ʺantiparallelʺ regarding the strands that make up DNA?

• The 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction of one strand runs counter to the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction of the other strand.

• One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5ʹ → 3ʹ direction?

• primase

• DNA ligase

• DNA Polymerase

• helicase

What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

• the nucleotide sequence of the template strand

• the primase used in the reaction

Which of the following covalently connects segments of DNA?

• helicase

• DNA polymerase

• ligase

synthesizes short segments of RNA?

• helicase

• DNA polymerase

• primase

A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction because

• DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3ʹ end

• Okazaki fragments prevent elongation in the 3ʹ to 5ʹ direction.

Based your answer on the figure: A mutation results in a defective enzyme A. Which of the following would be a consequence of that mutation?

• an accumulation of A and no production of B and C

• an accumulation of A and B and no production of C

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2