Natural Selection

• Is a slight difference in an inherited trait of individual members of a species.

• The breeding of organisms for desired characteristics.

• Is an inherited trait that increases the organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in its environment.

• The process where organisms that are best suited to their environment survive and pass on their genetic traits.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Adaptation

• Is a slight difference in an inherited trait of individual members of a species.

• Is an inherited trait that increases the organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in its environment.

• A person who studies plants and animals by observing them.

• The resemblance of one species to another species.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Which of the pictures above would be examples of homologous structures? (pick 2)

• 1

• 2

• 3

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-3

What type of evidence is shown with the diagram above?

• Molecular

• Anatomical

• Embryological

• Fossil

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NGSS.MS-LS4-3

The similarities of bone structure in the diagram provide evidence of what?

• The organisms probably use there forelimbs for the same thing.

• The organisms evolved from a common ancestor.

• The organisms have the same DNA.

• All vertebrate species have identical forelimbs.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?

• Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years

• Fossils show that some species have gone extinct

• Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past

• Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

_________________ show clear changes in an organism over time, the environment organisms lived in, the time period the organism lived in, and where the organism lived.

• DNA

• Vestigial structures

• Fossils

• Homologous structures

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Observe the two fish in the image. The cave fish and minnow are genetically related to each other and are similar in many ways. The cave fish lives very deep in the ocean where there is no light. It has only the remnants of eyes and is blind. Minnows live in shallow waters where the water has light. Their eye sight is important for their survival. Which statement below best describes these two fish?

• The DNA of the cave fish has changed over time to differ from the minnow. Since there is no light where the cave fish lives, it was not necessary to have working eyes. Over time, mutations occurred which proved to improve the survival of the cave fish, which is why they are now blind and have only physical remnants of eyes.

• The DNA has not mutated over time and despite all of the evidence that suggests these two are genetically similar, one has eyes and the other does not so they must not be related.

• Cave fish must have been attacked by predators, which is why they only have the remnants of eyes.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

When comparing the DNA of two different organisms, the more differences in the DNA base pairs the more-

• Closely related they are.

• Distantly related they are.

• It doesn't prove anything.

• They look alike.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

The moth wing and the bat wing are example of structures.

(a)  

• Analogous

• Homologous

• Vestigial

• Fossil

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2