AP Biology Unit 7 Natural Selection

What is it called when humans decide which traits of an organism are the most desirable and only allow those organisms with the specific, desired traits to breed.

• biological evolution

• evolution by natural selection

• selective breeding

• inbreeding

Guppies are small fish that live in South American rivers. They can have different- sized spots on their bodies.

The river bottoms are covered in rocks. Guppies with spots that are the same size as the rocks on the bottom are harder for bigger fish to see and catch.

The diagram below shows a population of guppies that live in a river. At time 1, the population had the same number of guppies with small and large spots. At time 2, after many generations, there were many more guppies with small spots and fewer guppies with large spots in the population.

How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?

• You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more guppies passed on the gene for small spots to their offspring.

• The rocks became smaller. With each generation, more guppies with small spots survived long enough to pass on the gene for small spots to their offspring.

• The rocks became smaller. Guppies with small spots are more likely to survive, so the guppies with large spots changed to have small spots.

• The rocks became smaller. Guppies with small spots are more likely to survive, so both kinds of guppies passed on the gene for small spots to their offspring.

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What is the process where animals live or die based on their adaptations to their environment.

• Genetic Drift

• Natural Selection

• The Circle of Life

• Mammoth

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Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest.

• Extinction

• Speciation

• Natural Selection

• Artificial Selection

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When an organism of a species has an adaptation, it will compete for resources better, survive longer and pass that adaptation on to it's offspring. This process is called

• evolution by natural selection

• artificial selection

• inbreeding

• outbreeding

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A green rat snake that lives in the grass and a brown rat snake that lives in the desert is a form of ______________.

• Human Genetic Modification

• Selective Breeding

• Natural Selection

• Artificial Breeding

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According to natural selection, light colored tree trunks would favor

• light colored moths

• dark colored moths

• red colored moths

• red and light colored moths

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Which word best describes the following definition? The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species.

• Trait

• Generation

• Adaptive Trait

• Natural Selection

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How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?

• You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more squirrels passed on the gene for black fur to their offspring.

• There were more black trees. Squirrels with black fur are more likely to survive, so the squirrels with gray fur changed to have black fur.

• There were more black trees. Squirrels with black fur are more likely to survive, so both types of squirrels passed on the gene for black fur to their offspring.

• There were more black trees. With each generation, more squirrels with black fur survived long enough to pass on the gene for black fur to their offspring.

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The phrase "Survival of the Fittest" would best describe...

• Natural selection

• Artificial selection

• Selective breeding

• None of the above

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