Cast Science Questions

Chose the words from the lists to describe which theory best explains the formation of the Moon based on evidence from the data provided. The formation of Earth's Moon is best explained by the ​ (a)   theory based on the ​ (b)  

• Fission

• Capture

• Giant impact

• chemical composition

• age

• orbit

Answer explanation

The only theory that discussed how the moon is formed is Giant impact.

The evidence would be in composition (what it's made up of)

Assumption if we are made of the same stuff we must be related.

The answer is in the data table.

Students were asked to use a beaker and water to model how thermal convection cycles material below Earth's crust. Which situation best models thermal convection?

• When water is left in an open beaker for days, it will completely evaporate.

• When water in a beaker is warmed in sunlight on a windowsill, water evaporates slowly on one side and quickly on the other side.

• When water in a beaker is warmed in a microwave oven for too long, it will boil and eventually vaporize completely.

• When water in a beaker is warmed over a small flame, uneven heating causes warmer water near the bottom to rise and replace cooler water near the surface, which then sinks.

Answer explanation

Heat energy moves from areas of higher heat to lower heat. How it moves is dependent on medium, the molecules, and waves.

Watch the video.

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The data in Graph 5 ​ (a)   in the level of atmospheric CO2 and temperature. The atmospheric CO2 levels have sharply ​ (b)   over the last few hundred years. At the same time we have seen an ​ (c)   in global temperatures

• shows a correlation

• does not show a correlation

• increased

• decreased

• rise

• fall

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The students make the following claim: “Farmers had to reduce the number of km2 of crops irrigated in 2017 due to a lack of water.” Based on the data in the table, which statement best supports the claim that 'Farmers had to reduce the number of km² of crops irrigated in 2017 due to a lack of water'?

• The water shortage in San Joaquin was about twice the water shortage in Sacramento, and both regions had a large decrease in the number of km² irrigated.

• Even though there was a water shortage in the Central Coast region, most of the area of farmland was still irrigated.

• The region with the largest water shortage also had the greatest reduction in number of km² irrigated.

• The larger the water shortage, the smaller the decrease in the area of farmland irrigated.

Answer explanation

Reduction and decrease are synonyms. Irrigated means to water the land.

Looking at the data table. The higher the water shortage the Less land can be irrigated.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

A group of students is investigating how Earth’s internal and surface processes make many of Earth’s features. They decide to focus on the movement of tectonic plates for their investigation. The students use a sandbox model to mimic certain movements of continental plates that help shape Earth’s geologic features.

Click play to observe what happens in the model.

The feature shown is a ​ (a)   and is formed when two tectonic plates ​ (b)  

• trench

• rift valley

• crater

• diverge

• converge

Answer explanation

DIverge means to move apart, converge mean to come together In the model the plates move apart.

A rift is a separation, and valley is a depressed part of land surrounded by higher elation (mountains) land.

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Based on the information given, Chose the phrases from the lists that best complete the sentence.

 

One advantage of plastic composite roads is that they ​ (a)   , while one disadvantage is that plastic composite roads ​ (b)  

• require less maintenance

• Use less material

• have a higher carbon footprint

• require fossil fuels

• are expensive

• can only be build in hot climates

Answer explanation

You don't want to produce new plastics, because we have a finite amount of fossil fuels and they impact the environment when burned and extracted.

You don't want to use sand because it's over used and exploited.

Natural gas is a fossil fuel.

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Graph 1 shows the estimated construction cost of building each of the different types of power plants. Costs are estimated in dollars per kilowatt of electricity (dollars/kW) that the power plant can generate. Graph 2 shows the average number of days per year that the different types of power plants are expected to operate at full capacity (full power output). Based on Graph 1 and 2, coal power plants cost ​ (a)   than wind, But wind is ​ (b)   reliable than coal.

• more

• less

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Based on Graph 2, power plants using renewable energy sources have a:

• lower reliability, because renewable energy sources form deep underground.

• lower reliability, because renewable energy sources are not always available.

• higher reliability, because renewable energy sources are easily transported.

• higher reliability, because renewable energy sources are not used up during production of electricity.

Based on Graphs 1 and 3, which type of power plant would be relatively inexpensive to build, but would be relatively expensive to operate over time?

• coal

• wind

• solar

• natural gas

The city planners identify that there will be a trade-off: not all criteria can be met. The planners prioritize the importance of low operating costs and a small carbon footprint. Which energy source is the city most likely to choose? Provide relevant evidence from the graphs to support this choice.

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