Gravity

The diagram shows a satellite in orbit around Earth.

It is orbiting in the direction shown and is pulled toward Earth by gravity. What would happen if Earth’s gravity suddenly disappeared?

• The satellite would fall to Earth

• The satellite would stop moving.

• The satellite would continue to orbit Earth.

• The satellite would move into space in a straight line.

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The dotted lines in the picture show orbital paths of objects. Which statement is true about all of the orbits shown?

• All objects move in circular orbits.

• The size of an object determines the size of its orbit.

• The force of gravity is what holds each object in its orbit.

• The size of both an object and the object it orbits are equal.

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Studies have shown that the sun is losing mass. Explain how this loss of mass will affect the gravitational force between the sun and Earth.

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What is weight?

• The amount of matter in an object

• The measurement of force placed on an object due to the acceleration of gravity acting on the object's mass

Gravity's definition is

• A measure of the force of gravity on an object

• A push or a pull that causes objects to move, change position or experience tension or compression.

• The amount of space an object takes up

• A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses and distance to each other.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Weight can be defined as

• A measure of the amount of matter in an object

• A push or a pull that causes objects to move, change position or experience tension or compression.

• The amount of matter in a given space. (mass/volume)

• A measure of the force of gravity on an object

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Read the following paragraph from the article. First off, we'll go to the park and play a game of football. When you kick the football into the air, the Earth's gravity pulls it back down. But that's not the only thing that's happening: The gravity of the football is also pulling on the Earth. The thing is, the Earth is very heavy - much heavier than the football - so it's unaffected by the pull of the football, while the football itself is pulled back down to Earth. What conclusion is BEST supported by the paragraph above?

• The force of gravity is relative (depends) to an object's mass.

• The force of gravity gets weaker as objects move apart.

• The pull of an object's gravity increases in the air.

• The Earth has the strongest known gravitational pull.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth?

• 9.8 m/s²

• 10 m/s²

• 8.9 m/s²

• 9.2 m/s²

Which of the following statements is true about gravitational force?

• It only acts between objects that are in contact.

• It decreases with the square of the distance between two objects.

• It is stronger on the Moon than on Earth.

• It is a repulsive force.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

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If an object is taken to a planet with twice the mass of Earth but the same radius, what happens to its weight?

• It doubles.

• It halves.

• It remains the same.

• It quadruples.

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