Temperature and Kinetic Energy

Which sample has the higher temperature?

• Sample B because it has more thermal energy and more molecules

• Sample B because the molecules are brown

• Sample A because the molecules are moving faster and have more average kinetic energy

• Sample A because yellow is such a hot color

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object. 

• Temperature

• Heat

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Molecules with more kinetic energy move ———- than molecules with less kinetic energy

• Lower

• Faster

• Higher

• Slower

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

In this picture, heat is being transferred from sample B to sample A. When will the heat transfer stop?

• Heat transfer will keep on until object B has zero thermal energy

• Heat transfer will not stop, it will keep going

• Heat transfer will stop when sample A and sample B have reached the same temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Consider a scenario where a liquid is heated until it becomes a gas. Explain how the kinetic energy of the particles changes during this process and the role of temperature.

• Kinetic energy decreases, and the temperature decreases.

• Kinetic energy increases, and the temperature increases.

• Kinetic energy remains constant, and the temperature decreases.

• Kinetic energy decreases, and the temperature increases.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Analyze how the kinetic energy of particles in a liquid changes when the liquid is cooled. What implications does this have for the liquid's state?

• Kinetic energy increases, causing the liquid to freeze.

• Kinetic energy decreases, causing the liquid to freeze.

• Kinetic energy remains constant, and the liquid stays the same.

• Kinetic energy decreases, causing the liquid to evaporate.

Tags

DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

If the temperature of a gas is increased, what happens to the average kinetic energy of its particles?

• It decreases.

• It remains the same.

• It increases.

• It becomes zero.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

What happens to the kinetic energy of particles in a liquid as it is cooled?

• Kinetic energy increases.

• Kinetic energy decreases.

• Kinetic energy remains constant.

• Kinetic energy becomes zero.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A student is investigating the effect of temperature on the kinetic energy of particles in a solid. Propose a method to measure changes in kinetic energy as the solid is heated.

• Use a thermometer to measure temperature changes and infer kinetic energy changes.

• Use a scale to measure mass changes and infer kinetic energy changes.

• Use a ruler to measure volume changes and infer kinetic energy changes.

• Use a stopwatch to measure time changes and infer kinetic energy changes.

Tags

DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

How does the motion of particles change as the temperature of a substance increases?

• Particles move slower and closer together.

• Particles move faster and spread apart.

• Particles stop moving completely.

• Particles move at a constant speed regardless of temperature.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4