Fluid Principles

Describe how Pascal's principle is utilized in hydraulic systems.

• It states that pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions, allowing force multiplication.

• It states that pressure applied to a fluid decreases with depth, allowing force multiplication.

• It states that pressure applied to a fluid increases with depth, allowing force multiplication.

• It states that pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted unequally, allowing force multiplication.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Apply Bernoulli's principle to explain why a shower curtain gets sucked inward when the shower is running.

• The water flow increases the air pressure inside the shower, pushing the curtain inward.

• The water flow decreases the air pressure inside the shower, causing the curtain to be pushed inward by higher pressure outside.

• The water flow creates a vacuum inside the shower, pulling the curtain inward.

• The water flow has no effect on the air pressure, and the curtain moves due to temperature changes.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Using Archimedes' principle, explain why a ship made of steel can float on water.

• The ship displaces a volume of water equal to its own volume, creating a buoyant force.

• The ship displaces a volume of water equal to its weight, creating a buoyant force.

• The ship is less dense than water, allowing it to float.

• The ship is more dense than water, allowing it to float.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

How does Pascal's principle explain the operation of a car brake system?

• Applying force to the brake pedal increases the pressure in the brake fluid, which is transmitted equally to all brakes, stopping the car.

• Applying force to the brake pedal decreases the pressure in the brake fluid, which is transmitted equally to all brakes, stopping the car.

• Applying force to the brake pedal increases the pressure in the brake fluid, which is transmitted unequally to all brakes, stopping the car.

• Applying force to the brake pedal decreases the pressure in the brake fluid, which is transmitted unequally to all brakes, stopping the car.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

How does a hydraulic lift work based on Pascal's principle?

• The pressure applied to the fluid is only transmitted vertically

• The pressure applied to the fluid is transmitted faster than the speed of light

• The pressure applied to the fluid is transmitted in a random direction

• The pressure applied to the fluid is transmitted equally in all directions

When an object floats in water it pushes some water out of the way. This is called...

• Replacement

• Displacement

• Tidal waves

• Making space

An object displaces a volume of fluid that…

• Is equal to its own volume

• Is less than its own volume

• Is greater than its own volume

• Is more dense than itself

Bernoulli's Principle is best described by which of the following statements?

• The pressure in a fluid decreases as the fluid's velocity increases.

• The pressure in a fluid increases as the fluid's velocity increases.

• The velocity of a fluid decreases as its cross-sectional area increases.

• The total energy in a flowing fluid remains constant along its path.

Explain how Bernoulli's principle is applied in the functioning of an airplane wing.

• The principle states that the pressure is higher on the top surface of the wing, creating lift.

• The principle states that the pressure is lower on the top surface of the wing, creating lift.

• The principle states that the pressure is equal on both surfaces of the wing, creating lift.

• The principle states that the pressure is higher on the bottom surface of the wing, creating drag.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

What direction is the buoyant force in?

• Downward

• Left

• Right

• Upward