Earth Science

Recent changes in species can be found in the upper layers of rock. This provides a link between which two scientific ideas?

• cell theory and the theory of evolution

• the periodic nature of the elements and cell theory

• the theory of evolution and the Law of Superposition

• the Law of Superposition and the periodic nature of the elements

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which of these would most likely happen to a species that is not able to adapt to a changing environment?

• The species would become extinct over time.

• The species would develop mutated cells.

• The species would develop resistance to disease.

• The species would change the environment.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Which demonstrates how genetic variation may result from a change in the environment where an animal lives?

• A salmon swims faster as it enters colder waters.

• A snake increases its body temperature because it moves on top of a rock in direct sunlight.

• A beetle stands out to predators because it moves among plants that have colors different than its own.

• An arctic fox changes its color over time because it migrates to an area with a different climate.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

How owuld a large increase in the salinity of an estuary most likely affect the ecosystem of the estuary?

• All organisms would die.

• All organisms would continue to live as they now do.

• The number of salt-tolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-intolerant organisms would decrease.

• The number of salt-intolerant organisms would increase, and the number of salt-tolerant organisms would decrease.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Which is classified as an element?

• carbon dioxide

• iron

• vinegar

• water

What would have the greatest long-term impact on reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air?

• planting trees around a farm

• cutting down trees around a farm

• increasing the number of livestock on a farm

• decreasing the number of livestock on a farm

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Where do plants get the food they need for energy?

• They absorb it directly from the sun.

• They absorb it directly from the soil.

• They produce it during photosynthesis.

• They receive it from atmospheric gases.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Which best represents the flow of energy within an aquatic ecosystem?

• algae → insects → fish → turtle → sunlight

• insects → algae → fish → turtle → sunlight

• sunlight → insects → algae → fish → turtle

• sunlight → algae → insects → fish → turtle

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

What is one way the government of the United States attempts to reduce pollution in the oceans?

• create new desalination plants

• discontinue sewage treatment programs

• increase oil and gasoline production

• enforce laws limiting trash dumping

The population density of marine life is denser along the shorelines of the ocean than farther out in the deep waters of the ocean.  Which statement provides the BEST reason for this situation?

• Ocean currents prevent many smaller marine organisms from living in deep water.

• The shallow waters have fewer predators.

• Coastal waters are less polluted than the deeper waters of the ocean.

• There are more nutrients in shallow waters.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1