Convection in the Atmosphere

During the day, warm air rises over the land then cools and falls over water in a continuous cycle.

• Land breeze

• Sea breeze

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

The diagrams show the land, ocean, and heat from the sun interacting during the daytime.

Which diagram correctly shows how air currents are created during daylight hours?

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

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The drawing below shows a sea breeze.

When is this type of wind pattern most likely to occur?

• during the night when the surface of the sea cools faster than the land

• during the day when the sea is as warm as the land

• during the night when the air above land is warmer than the air above the sea

• during the day when the land heats faster than the surface of the sea

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

The arrows in the diagram represent air movement.

This air movement is a result of

• particles of pollution entering the air.

• the waves pushing against the land.

• the sun heating the land and water differently.

• water evaporating from plant leaves.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

The diagram shows the circular pattern in which warm air and cool air move as the sun warms Earth’s atmosphere.

This pattern of moving air best explains...

• how lightening forms.

• how radiation works.

• how winds form.

• how deep ocean currents form.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

The image below shows air circulating over a coastal area and nearby ocean.

Which statement is true?

• A land breeze forms during the day because the land warms faster than the ocean.

• A land breeze flows from the ocean at night because the water cools faster than the land.

• A land breeze flows toward the ocean at night because the land and ocean cool at the same time.

• A land breeze forms at night because the land cools faster than the ocean.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

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​What is happening at arrow X?

• Warm air is rising because warm air is more dense than cooler air.

• Cold air is rising because cold air is more dense than warmer air.

• Warm air is rising because warm air is less dense than cooler air.

• Cold air is rising because cold air is less dense than warmer air.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

What mainly contributes to the direction of wind’s actual path?

• revolution of the Moon around Earth

• rotation of Earth on its axis

• gravitational pull on the gases in the atmosphere by the Sun

• number of severe storms in the atmosphere due to Earth’s global temperature

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

At the seashore late in the afternoon on a hot day, a person often feels a strong breeze coming from the ocean because...

• the pounding waves generate air currents

• warm air over the ocean rushes in to replace the cool air that rises over the land

• the heavy, cool air over the ocean rushes in to replace the warm air that rises over the land

• there are no clouds to block the wind coming in from the ocean

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Heat transfer by convection is caused by differences in what two things:

• Thickness and material

• Weight and electricity

• Temperature and pressure

• Mass and density

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4