AP Cellular Respiration

Scientists were interested in testing the effects of rotenone, a broad-spectrum pesticide, on a cell culture. Cell culture AA was used as a control, while culture BB was treated with rotenone. After a period of time, the scientists measured the concentration of several metabolites in the mitochondria of cells in both cultures. Their results are shown in the table. Based on the data in the table, which of the following best explains the effects of rotenone on cellular respiration?

• Rotenone acts as an inhibitor of the enzymes in the Krebs cycle.

• NADH, produced during glycolysis, is not able to enter the mitochondria because transport proteins are blocked from entering.

• Treated cells are not able to break down NADH because certain enzymes of the electron transport chain are inhibited.

• Rotenone acts as an allosteric inhibitor of glycolytic enzymes, thus inhibiting cellular respiration.

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What is chemiosmosis?

• The diffusion of water down an electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

• A proton gradient that drives the oxidation-reduction reactions of electron transport.

• The kinetic energy of diffusing protons that drives the synthesis of ATP.

• An ATP synthase enzyme that pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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Refer to the Figure. If one acetyl CoA molecule is fed into the cycle, how many ATP molecules are made in total by substrate-level phosphorylation?

• 1

• 2

• 11

• 12

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The figure shows an organelle typically found in eukaryotic cells. Which of the following best describes the function of the double membrane system of this organelle?

• The outer membrane allows the transport of all molecules into the intermembrane space, while the inner membrane serves as the regulatory boundary.

• The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix.

• The outer membrane contains transport proteins that establish a sodium ion concentration gradient used for ATP production, while the inner membrane contains transport proteins that establish a hydrogen ion concentration gradient used for glucose production.

• The toxins and wastes entering a cell cross the outer membrane and are detoxified by digestive enzymes stored within the intermembrane space.

Which of the following steps of cellular respiration could be described as “the breakdown of 1 glucose molecule by enzymes into 2 3-carbon pyruvate molecules, which releases energy”?

• Glycolysis

• Link Reaction

• Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle

• Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Which of the following DO NOT contain carbon atoms that were originally present in glucose at the start of cellular respiration?

• pyruvate

• citrate

• carbon dioxide

• none of these are correct

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The figures illustrate the similarities between ATP synthesis in mitochondria and chloroplasts.  The figures can best assist in answering which of the following questions?

• Do electron transport chains create a gradient so that ATP synthase can generate ATP molecules?

• What are the sources of energy that drive mitochondrial and chloroplast electron transport systems?

• What is the optimal temperature at which ATP synthase chemically converts ADP and a phosphate group into one molecule of ATP?

• What is the evolutionary relationship between the ATP synthase in mitochondria and the ATP synthase in chloroplasts?

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In glycolysis, _____ is oxidized and _____ is reduced.

• glucose, NAD+

• pyruvate, NAD+

• glucose, NADH

• pyruvate, NADH

What is the main difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?

• One does Photosynthesis and the other does Cellular Respiration

• One does chemosynthesis and the other does Cellular Respiration

• One makes its own food and the other eats its food.

• One has to be an animal and the other has to be a plant. 

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What is the relationship between Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis?

• Cellular Respiration happens so photosynthesis has glucose to work.

• Plants only do photosynthesis so that animals can do cellular respiration.

• The reactants of one are the products of the other. They feed each other.

• Cellular respiration is breathing in air produced by photosynthesis.

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