Review

How are indicator species like a warning system for bodies of water?

• They indicate when food sources are declining

• Their illness or death indicates pollution in an aquatic ecosystem

• They indicate when predators are reducing the numbers of a species

• Their illness or death indicates the body of water is becoming more populated

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The diagram shows the process of upwelling along the coast of South America. Westward blowing trade winds blow the warm surface water from the coast to the ocean. Cool nutrient-rich water from below upwells to the surface. Every three to seven years the trade winds weaken, and an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event occurs. Which is the most likely result of an ENSO event?

• decline in the number of cyclones in the Pacific Ocean

• increased number of thunderstorms to the South American mainland

• decline in the fishing industry because of the change in the aquatic food chain

• decline in the number of people scuba diving due to a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen

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Which best explains why inhabitants of an estuary must adapt to frequent environmental changes?

• Estuaries receive little sunlight.

• The water temperature is constantly warm.

• The salinity of the water is constantly changing.

• Low levels of oxygen are absorbed by the water.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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Which would most likely cause a sudden increase of nitrates in a waterway?

• spill from an oil tanker

• runoff from a boat yard

• runoff from a golf course

Of the 74% of Earth’s surface that is covered in water, which contains the most water?

• lakes

• rivers

• oceans

• streams

The figure shows the zones of the ocean. Coral reefs require sunlight because reef-building coral contain photosynthetic algae in their tissues. The reefs must sit on the ocean floor for support and must remain underwater to survive. In which ocean zone does a reef most likely thrive?

• oceanic zone

• benthic zone

• neritic zone

• intertidal zone

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Which best explains why there is a greater concentration of oxygen located near the ocean’s surface?

• Sunlight warms the ocean’s temperature and stimulates oxygen production near the surface

• Plankton produces excess amounts of nutrients that remove oxygen levels from the atmosphere

• Marine life gives off oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, which makes the ocean water rich in oxygen

• Plants, which release oxygen, live near the surface of the ocean, where they receive large amounts of sunlight

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Which would most likely result in an unhealthy aquatic habitat?

• a decrease in turbidity

• a decrease in nitrates levels

• an increase in water temperature

• an increase in dissolved oxygen levels

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Which would most negatively impact local water availability?

• floods

• droughts

• hurricanes

Which best describes the importance of an aquifer?

• It holds uncontaminated ground water for human consumption

• It supplies all water for lakes and rivers

• It provides water for oceans