Protein Synthesis and Mutation

Which of the following statements best describes why a change in only one DNA nucleotide base of a gene on the DNA strand could result in an incorrect protein being produced by the gene?

• The change prevents mRNA from being made.

• The change causes cells to divide in an uneven way.

• The change creates an additional mRNA strand.

• The change alters the amino acid sequence coded for by the

  gene.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Frameshift 

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

ATTTGAGCC- Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a 

• Insertion- Frameshift

• Deletion- Substitution

• Deletion -Frameshift

• All of the above

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The main function of tRNA is to...

• carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins

• form a portion of ribosomes

• string together complementary RNA and DNA strands

• bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.

• Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur

• It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the _____ sequence (__, __ ,__, __). _________ in the “conga line” order of amino acids will cause the protein to be _________.

• The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the nucleotide sequence (A, T, C, G). Mutations in the “conga line” order of amino acids will cause the protein to be nonfunctional.

• The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the peptide sequence (P, Q, R, S). Alterations in the “conga line” order of amino acids will cause the protein to be unstable.

• The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the sugar sequence (G, F, L, P). Variations in the “conga line” order of amino acids will cause the protein to be ineffective.

• The order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by the enzyme sequence (E, N, Z, Y). Disruptions in the “conga line” order of amino acids will cause the protein to be misfolded.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.

• Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur

• It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

• A

• B

• C

• D

Answer explanation

Convert the DNA strand (you know it's DNA because it uses "T") into RNA -->

RNA strand: AUGUCCCACGAUGGGUGA

AA: Met,Ser,Hist, Asp, Gly, STOP

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

• Mutations 1 and 3 only

• Mutation 1 only

• Mutation 2 only

• Muations 1, 2, 3

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of these shows an example of an insertion mutation?

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2