Phylogenies

branch length

• number of genetic changes in DNA sequence

• number of changes in exterior

• chronological time determine from fossil record

• about how many years it took to evolve

what is true

• more parsimonious = most base changes

• more base parsimonious = fewest base changes

• phylogenies based on DNA = base changes

• phylogenies based on DNA = measured through parsimony

all phylogenetic trees = hypothesis about

• ancestors

• environment effects

• evolution

• organism relations

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

molecular clock

• puts time scale on phylogenetic trees through radioactive fossil

• puts time scale on phylogenetic trees through mutations

• very accurate

• not always accurate

group of species being studied

• ingroup

• outgroup

• maximum parsimony

• molecular clock

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Many molecular phylogenies place the origins of land plants around:

• 640 Ma

• 540 Ma

• 440 Ma

• 340 Ma

Which term is not associated with treelike depictions of evolutionary histories known as phylogenies?

• Node

• Seed

• Branch

• Root

If you were looking at a phylogeny of living bird species, where could you find the name of a species of non-theropod dinosaur?

• At the tip of a branch, as an outgroup.

• At the root of the tree

• Either a or b.

• None of the above.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which of the following is NOT a synapomorphy?

• The ability to swim in dolphins and sharks.

• The production of milk in humans and cats.

• The ability to fly in eagles and pigeons.

• All of the above are synapomorphies.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which of the following is an example of homoplasy?

• The reversion of a derived character state to its ancestral state.

• The independent origin of similar traits in separate lineages.

• The evolution of wings in both birds and bats.

• All of the above.