Pre-Test

Which of the following best defines "classical conditioning"?

• Learning through observation and imitation

• Learning through the association of stimuli

• Learning through consequences and rewards

• Learning through problem-solving and reasoning

What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?

• The study of behavior in response to environmental stimuli

• The study of how individuals think, perceive, and solve problems

• The study of unconscious motives and dreams

• The study of social behavior and group dynamics

Which part of the brain is most associated with regulating emotions?

• a) Cerebellum
  

• b) Hypothalamus
  

• c) Hippocampus
  

• d) Medulla

According to Piaget, at which stage do children develop the ability to perform logical operations on concrete objects?

• Sensorimotor
  

• Preoperational
  

• Concrete Operational
  

• Formal Operational

Which of the following is a key feature of "observational learning"?

• 
  Learning through association

• Learning through reinforcement

• Learning through the observation of others' behaviors

• Learning through trial and error

What is the main idea of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

• All needs are equally important and fulfilled at the same time

• Psychological needs must be fulfilled before physical needs

• Basic needs must be satisfied before higher-order needs can be addressed

• Higher-order needs must be prioritized over basic survival needs

In operant conditioning, what term is used for a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated?

• Positive reinforcement
  

• Negative reinforcement
  

• Punishment
  

• Extinction

Which of the following disorders is characterized by persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions)?

• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
  

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
  

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
  

• Schizophrenia

What does the "halo effect" refer to in social psychology?

• The tendency to evaluate others based on the first impression
  
  

• The tendency to overestimate the impact of personality over situational factors

• The tendency to assume that one positive trait means overall good qualities

• The tendency to avoid situations where one may be judged

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the neurotransmitter serotonin?

• 
  It is important for memory formation and recall

• It plays a significant role in mood regulation and sleep

• It is primarily involved in muscle movement

• It helps regulate hunger and body temperature