Inference and Evidence

Read the following paragraph and make an inference based on the information: "With the launch of the new public transportation system, the city's traffic congestion decreased." What can be inferred about the new public transportation system?

• The transportation system increased traffic congestion.

• The transportation system helped reduce traffic congestion.

• The transportation system was not used by residents.

• The transportation system was discontinued.

Answer explanation

The paragraph states that the launch of the new public transportation system led to a decrease in traffic congestion, implying that the system was effective in reducing congestion, making the correct inference that it helped reduce traffic congestion.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Read the following paragraph and make an inference based on the information: "After the introduction of healthier lunch options in the school cafeteria, students reported feeling more energetic during the day." What can be inferred about the impact of healthier lunch options?

• Healthier lunch options had no effect on students' energy levels.

• Healthier lunch options contributed to increased energy levels in students.

• Healthier lunch options were unpopular with students.

• Healthier lunch options decreased students' energy levels.

Answer explanation

The paragraph indicates that after healthier lunch options were introduced, students felt more energetic. This suggests that these options positively impacted their energy levels, supporting the inference that healthier lunch options contributed to increased energy levels.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Read the following paragraph and make an inference based on the information: "After the city planted more trees in urban areas, residents noticed a decrease in air pollution." What can be inferred about the impact of planting more trees?

• Planting more trees increased air pollution.

• Planting more trees helped reduce air pollution.

• Planting more trees had no effect on air pollution.

• Planting more trees was opposed by residents.

Answer explanation

The paragraph states that after planting more trees, residents noticed a decrease in air pollution. This implies that planting more trees helped reduce air pollution, making it the correct inference.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Read the following paragraph and make an inference based on the information: "With the introduction of a new fitness program, many employees reported improved health and well-being." What can be inferred about the new fitness program's impact on employees?

• The fitness program had no effect on employees' health.

• The fitness program improved employees' health and well-being.

• The fitness program was unpopular with employees.

• The fitness program decreased employees' health.

Answer explanation

The paragraph states that many employees reported improved health and well-being after the introduction of the fitness program, indicating that the program had a positive impact on their health.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Read the following paragraph and make an inference based on the information: "After the school introduced a new technology curriculum, students became more proficient in using digital tools." What can be inferred about the new technology curriculum?

• The technology curriculum was ineffective.

• The technology curriculum enhanced students' digital proficiency.

• The technology curriculum was unpopular with students.

• The technology curriculum had no impact on students' skills.

Answer explanation

The paragraph indicates that after the introduction of the new technology curriculum, students became more proficient in using digital tools. This suggests that the curriculum effectively enhanced their digital proficiency.

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DOK Level 2: Skill/Concept

Which of the following would be considered explicit textual evideence?

• Michael and Toby were cold.

• "the sky looked gray and dirty"

• Michael was trying to sleep.

• Toby is Michael's brother.

Michael woke up with a start. Someone was banging at the front door. Heavy footsteps chomped over the bare boards of the hallway. A shouting of voices. Jacko's familiar growl, then the front door slammed shut. Michael shivered and pulled the thin blanket closer around his shoulders. Through the cracked glass of the curtainless window, the sky looked gray and dirty. A groan from the other mattress told him that Toby was awake as well.

What can you INFER about Jacko's mood?

• scared

• excited

• happy

• grumpy

What can you infer about the place they are living?

• It is bright and colorful

• It is happy and clean

• It is brand new

• It is dull and uncared for

Which textual evidence best describes Emily's thoughts and feelings?

• "....sea eagle that called Emily..."

• "...till she could walk home from school in peace..."

• "...its broad wings dusty..."

• "...the bird seemed to urge her to come down."

When making an inference, the most important thing is...

• Being able to prove your inference by using evidence from the text.

• The characters in the text.

• The topic of text.

• What you know about the topic.