Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

To ensure accuracy, clarity, and integrity of the information being conveyed.

To confuse the readers

To change the tone of the passage

To add unnecessary details

colon (:)

quotation mark (" )

exclamation mark (!)

ellipsis (...)

No

Yes

Sometimes

Rarely

When the original text is lengthy, when the main idea needs to be conveyed concisely, or when the wording is not crucial.

When the wording is crucial

When the original text is short

When the main idea needs to be conveyed in detail

Main idea, key points, essential details

Unrelated details

Random words

Minor points

Using the same words as the original text

Keeping the sentence structure identical

Not citing the original source

Changing sentence structure, using synonyms, and citing original source.

Summarizing expands main ideas, while paraphrasing condenses in own words.

Summarizing condenses main ideas, while paraphrasing restates in own words.

Summarizing repeats verbatim, while paraphrasing rephrases slightly.

Summarizing adds personal opinions, while paraphrasing sticks to the original wording.

Use the author's words exactly as they appear

Restate the author using your own words

Put “quotation marks” around the original speaker’s words

Blend the quote in… or at least introduce using the speaker’s name and a strong, precise verb

Add the parenthetical citation at the end before the period (Staples)

All of the above