Logical Fallacies

A personal attack meant to discredit one’s opponent

• Ad Hominem

• Appeal to Nature

• Bandwagon

• Circular Reasoning

• Guilt by Association

Assumes the NATURAL choice is always the best choice

• Ad Hominem

• Appeal to Nature

• Bandwagon

• Circular Reasoning

• Guilt by Association

Assumes the POPULAR choice is always the best choice

• Ad Hominem

• Appeal to Nature

• Bandwagon

• Circular Reasoning

• Guilt by Association

Supports a claim with the claim itself

• Red Herring

• Appeal to Nature

• Bandwagon

• Circular Reasoning

• Guilt by Association

The use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim

• Red Herring

• Appeal to Nature

• Bandwagon

• Circular Reasoning

• Guilt by Association

Unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit

• Red Herring

• Appeal to Nature

• Bandwagon

• Circular Reasoning

• Guilt by Association

Assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other

• False Causation

• False Dichotomy

• Hasty Generalization

• Straw Man

Presents only two choices when more options exist

• False Causation

• False Dichotomy

• Hasty Generalization

• Straw Man

A very broad claim based on very little evidence

• False Causation

• False Dichotomy

• Hasty Generalization

• Straw Man

A misrepresentation of an opponent’s position that makes it easier to argue against

• False Causation

• False Dichotomy

• Hasty Generalization

• Straw Man