Answer the question shown in the image.

State the simplified versions of the following Boolean expression
¬ ¬A

• (¬A Λ ¬B)

• ¬(¬A Λ ¬B)

• A

• None of the above

Answer explanation

What is the simplified form of (¬A Λ ¬B)?

• A ∨ B

• ¬(A ∨ B)

• ¬A ∨ B

• ¬(A Λ B)

Answer explanation

What is the simplified form of P ∨ Q?

• Q ∨ P

• P Λ Q

• ¬P ∨ Q

• ¬Q ∨ P

Answer explanation

What is the simplified form of P ∨ (Q ∨ R)?

• (P ∨ Q) ∨ R

• P Λ Q

• ¬(P ∨ Q)

• P ∨ Q ∨ R

Answer explanation

What is the simplified form of P Λ (Q ∨ R)?

• P ∨ Q ∨ R

• (P Λ Q) ∨ (P Λ R)

• (P ∨ Q) Λ R

• ¬P ∨ Q

Answer explanation

State the simplified version of the following Boolean expression:
¬(¬A Λ ¬B)

Answer explanation

What is the simplified form of ¬(A ∧ (B ∨ C))?

• ¬A ∨ (¬B ∧ ¬C)

• (¬A ∨ ¬B) ∧ ¬C

• ¬A ∨ ¬B ∨ ¬C

• ¬A ∧ (¬B ∨ ¬C)

Answer explanation

A university stores student information in a single large spreadsheet. As the university grows, managing student grades, personal details, and course enrollments becomes cumbersome, with frequent data duplication and errors.

What type of database system would help the university better organize this data?

• Flat-file database

• Relational database

• Hierarchical database

• NoSQL database

Answer explanation

Relational databases use multiple smaller tables linked by keys, which reduces redundancy and improves data management—exactly what the university needs to handle complex data efficiently.

A library has a table for books where each book has a unique ISBN number. They also have a table for borrowing records, and each record includes the ISBN of the borrowed book.

In this database design, what role does the ISBN play in the borrowing records table?

• Primary key

• Composite key

• Candidate key

• Foreign key

Answer explanation

The ISBN is a primary key in the books table and acts as a foreign key in the borrowing records table, linking the two tables and maintaining referential integrity.