Understanding Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for the replication of DNA?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

What is the main purpose of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

• DNA replication

• Cell growth and preparation for DNA synthesis

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

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Explain how the regulation of the cell cycle is crucial for preventing cancer.

• The cell cycle is regulated by checkpoints that ensure each phase is completed accurately before moving to the next. Tumor suppressor genes and apoptosis are two mechanisms involved.

• The cell cycle is regulated by the availability of nutrients. Only one mechanism, the availability of oxygen, is involved.

• The cell cycle is regulated by the temperature of the environment.

• The cell cycle is regulated by the presence of water. Only one mechanism, the presence of light, is involved.

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Identify the phase of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

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Describe the role of the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle.

• The G2 checkpoint ensures that all DNA is replicated and checks for DNA damage before mitosis begins.

• The G2 checkpoint ensures that the cell has enough nutrients to divide.

• The G2 checkpoint ensures that the cell is large enough to divide.

• The G2 checkpoint ensures that the cell has enough water to divide.

What is the significance of the M phase in the cell cycle?

• It is the phase where the cell grows and performs its normal functions.

• It is the phase where DNA is replicated.

• It is the phase where mitosis and cytokinesis occur, leading to cell division.

• It is the phase where the cell undergoes apoptosis.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the separation of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• M phase

• Cytokinesis

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What is the role of tumor suppressor genes in the regulation of the cell cycle?

• They promote cell division.

• They inhibit cell division and prevent uncontrolled cell growth.

• They repair damaged DNA.

• They are involved in the synthesis of proteins.

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Which phase of the cell cycle is the longest and why?

• Interphase as a whole

• S phase, because DNA replication takes a long time.

• Cytokinesis, pulling apart the cells

• M phase, because mitosis is a complex process.