Cognitive Biases

After seeing several news reports about car thefts, you might make a judgment that vehicle theft is much more common than it really is in your area. This type of bias is

• Availability heuristic

• Bias Belief

• Loss Aversion

• Negative Bias

When you believe you are an expert on a topic because you've watched a lot of YouTube videos on a subject, you are practicing...

• The Bandwagon Effect

• Choice Supportive Bias

• The Dunning-Kruger Effect

• Availability Bias

Scenario 2: It is the second week of the school year and you have your first test in science. You've done well in science classes in the past, so you decide you don't need to study because you probably know the material better than everyone else in the class anyway. You take the test and fail.

• bizarreness effect

• confirmation bias

• Dunning-Kruger effect

• backfire effect

Searching for sources that confirm what you already believe is an example of:

• Confirmation Bias

• Anchoring Bias

• Choice Supportive Bias

• The Bandwagon Effect

Your judgments are influenced by what springs most easily to mind.

• anchoring

• sunk cost

• availability heuristic

• negativity bias

The first thing you judge influences your judgment of all that follows.

• anchoring

• sunk cost

• the barnum effect

• curse of knowledge

You favor things that confirm your existing beliefs.

• confirmation bias

• fundamental attribution error

• availability heuristic

• the barnum effect

You believe your failures are due to external factors, yet you're responsible for your successes.

• self-serving bias

• reactance

• the bystander effect

• the backfire effect

Which of the following best describes hindsight bias?

• The tendency to overestimate one's ability to predict future events.

• The belief that one could have predicted an event after it has already happened.

• The tendency to see patterns in random events.

• The inclination to rely on common sense rather than scientific evidence.

Why is it important to be aware of cognitive biases in scientific research?

• To ensure that personal beliefs do not influence the results.

• To confirm that common sense is always correct.

• To avoid using statistical methods.

• To make predictions based on intuition.