AP World History Islam

In the early 13th century, Islamic forces invaded northern India and set up the

• Dehli Sultanate

• Mamluk Sultanate

• Persian Empire

• new religion combining Hindu & Muslim beliefs

• Vijayanagara Empire

People in India converted to Islam because

• they were threatened with their lives

• there was no existing dominant religion in India

• for financial reasons or to escape the caste system

• they wanted to visit Mecca

• to appease their Mongol rulers

Which of the following would a historian most likely cite as evidence in support of the author’s argument in the second paragraph of the passage?

• A

  The Ottoman millet system, an arrangement designed to utilize the economic contributions of non-Muslim groups within the empire while granting them limited autonomy to organize their communal affairs under their own religious leaders

• B

  The Ottoman practice of devshirme, a military levy of Christian boys who would be converted to Islam and trained as Ottoman Janissary soldiers or bureaucrats in state service

• C

  The Ottoman practice of farming out the collection of taxes to local private individuals (some of them non-Muslim), because of the shortage of trained government financial officials

• D

  The Ottoman sultans’ continued powers of granting final approval for any high-ranking appointment of a non-Muslim religious leader, including the power to approve patriarchs and bishops of the various Christian communities and chief rabbis of the Jewish community

The contents of the letter are best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of the historical situation in sub-Saharan Africa in the early 1600s?

• A

  Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa.

• B

  State centralization in Europe led to a change from joint-stock company control to direct imperial control in many colonial territories

• C

  The arrival of Europeans led to the conquest and destruction of many native African states.

• D

  Religious conflicts stemming from the spread of Islam from North Africa made sub-Saharan African states vulnerable to European conquest.

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best support the author’s argument in the first paragraph of the passage?

• A

  The Mamluk ruling elites of Egypt were made up of slave soldiers of various ethnic origins, including Turco-Mongolic peoples from the Black Sea steppes and peoples from the Caucasus Mountains.

• B

  The period of Mamluk rule in Egypt saw a high number of conversions to Islam and a considerable reduction in the percentage of Coptic Christians in the overall population of Egypt.

• C

  The Mamluks were one of the very few Muslim dynasties to have successfully defeated invading Mongol armies in battle.

• D

  The Jewish community in Mamluk Cairo included many prominent figures, including royal physicians, scholars, and administrators.

Which Islamic empire was known for its architectural achievements, including the construction of the Hagia Sophia as a mosque?

• Ottoman Empire

• Safavid Empire

• Mughal Empire

• Umayyad Caliphate

What was the primary language of administration and culture in the Islamic Golden Age?

• Arabic

• Persian

• Turkish

• Urdu

Which Islamic scholar is known for his contributions to medicine and wrote 'The Canon of Medicine'?

• Al-Razi

• Ibn Sina

• Al-Khwarizmi

• Ibn Rushd

The Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, which is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, is known as what?

• Hajj

• Zakat

• Sawm

• Salat

Which city became the capital of the Islamic Caliphate during the Abbasid dynasty?

• Baghdad

• Damascus

• Cairo

• Istanbul