Early Industrialization

Which vocabulary word matches the image?

• Vertical Integration

• Horizontal Integration

• anarchist

• labor union

Why was England the leader in industry during the early years of the Industrial Revolution?

• England produced more cotton and had more workers than any other country in the world.

• England directly bordered France, Spain, and Russia which made trade easy.

• England had a socialist government which paid all workers the same wage.

• England first invented factory machines and had a monopoly of industrial technology.

Which of the following is true of the Industrial Revolution?

• The industrial revolution helped bring an end to slavery in America.

• The industrial revolution first began in France.

• The first industry to use machines and factories was textiles.  

• By the end of the industrial revolution, most factories were powered by rivers.

Which were the classes created by early capitalism?

• aristocrats and peasants

• lords and ladies

• bourgeoisie and proletariat

• workers and owners of capital

Crop rotation and the enclosure movement were important because

• nations began looking to colonize in Africa and Asia.

• farming became profitable and large numbers of people moved away from cities.

• the increase in food increased the number of people who could work in factories.

• these changes led to massive starvation and a population decline in Europe.

Which were industrial realities for people living in the beginning of Industrial transformations? (Pick all that reflect what Professor Bennet Sherry was revealing in his work entitled "Global Industrialization")

• For people in Europe’s colonies, industrialization brought new and painful exploitation.

• For working class Europeans, even though they struggled in factories, their life expectancy increased right away.

• Some wealthy and middle-class people in northwestern Europe really benefited, enjoying new wealth and opportunity.

• In general, common people gained a greater choice of where they wished to live and work and their customs were protected too.

Answer explanation

While some wealthy and middle class people in northwestern Europe benefitted due to industrial change, in general, industrialization brought exploitation to people in Europe's colonies and wealth to some in northwestern Europe. There was also a decrease in the choices people had on where they could live as land that was open to commoners was enclosed and denied to peasants who had to move to cities to survive.

How did the Industrial Revolution impact the lives of non-aristocratic individuals who moved to cities in industrialized countries like Britain?

• Improved working conditions and increased life expectancy for everyone.

• No significant changes in working conditions or life expectancy for people.

• Decreased working conditions but increased life expectancy for everyone

• Mixed outcomes which both improved and worsened working conditions and life expectancy

Answer explanation

The Industrial Revolution had mixed outcomes, improving and worsening working conditions and life expectancy for non-aristocratic individuals. If you were a commoner who became a merchant, banker. investor or middle class worker you saw your lifestyle and living conditions improve, but if you were an unskilled worker who moved to cities in industrialized countries like Britain, you saw your lifespan and living conditions worsen quite a bit.

William Blake is a famous artist and writer who lived during the first phase of Industrialization. He wrote much about the conditions of Industrial Life - especially the conditions workers experienced. Which of the following did he say about the reality of factory life?

• Heavenly Mills

• Innovative Wonders

• Satanic Mills

• Flourishing Factories

What was Friedrich Engels' conclusion about the treatment of English workers during the Industrial Revolution?

• They were considered valuable contributors to society

• They were treated as equal human beings

• They were given prominent roles in guiding historical events

• They were seen as toiling machines in service of a few "aristocratic" factory owners.

Which of the following statements best represents how industrialization impacted rural communities and culture in Europe, (Please choose all that reflect what professor Sherry shared with us)?

• Without the stability of extended family networks, urban families lacked support in times of crisis, meaning poverty and homelessness for many.

• Younger people were able to escape the oppressive control of the elders in villages for the freedom and protection of cities.

• The disintegration of family networks and the rise of factories endangered children and unmarried women.

• Children who had been trapped in orphanages found freedom and protection within factories.