Reinforcement

A rat is placed in a cage and immediately receives a mild electrical shock on its feet. The shock is unpleasant for the rat. The rat presses a bar and the shock stops. The rat receives another shock, presses the bar again, and again the shock stops. The rat’s behavior of pressing the bar is strengthened by the consequence of the stopping of the shock.

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Reinforcement

• Positive Punishment

• Negative Punishment

The result of reinforcement is to

• cause a behavior to stop

• cause a behavior to diminish.

• cause a behavior to continue.

• cause a behavior to occur for only a limited amount of time.

I take my vitamins every day to avoid getting sick

• Positive Reinforcement

• Positive Punishment

• Negative Reinforcement

• Negative Punishment

If a worker continues to work hard on the job and thus avoids the boss's criticism, _______________ is occurring.

A rat is placed in a cage and immediately receives a mild electrical shock on its feet. The shock is unpleasant for the rat. The rat presses a bar and the shock stops. The rat receives another shock, presses the bar again, and again the shock stops. The rat’s behavior of pressing the bar is strengthened by the consequence of the stopping of the shock.

Getting a soft drink after putting money into a vending machine.

Students in Professor Ohno’s class were given a weekly quiz. The students' grades on the first quiz were low, so Professor Ohno began praising the performance of those students who answered the quiz questions correctly. As a result of this procedure, the students' quiz performance improved on the rest of the quizzes

In the context of social studies, what does the term 'reinforcement' most commonly refer to?

• A method of strengthening social norms

• A military strategy to increase troop numbers

• A psychological concept to encourage behavior

• A political tactic to gain support

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement in a classroom setting?

• Giving students extra homework for bad behavior

• Praising students for completing their assignments

• Ignoring students who are disruptive

• Taking away recess time for incomplete work

How does negative reinforcement differ from punishment in social behavior?

• Negative reinforcement adds a negative stimulus, while punishment removes a positive one

• Negative reinforcement removes a negative stimulus, while punishment adds a negative one

• Negative reinforcement and punishment both add negative stimuli

• Negative reinforcement and punishment both remove positive stimuli