Correlation

A researchers wants to find out how well high school attendance predicts student grades. (Read: Not cause grades, just how well the two -attendance and grades- are connected.) Which method should the researchers use?

• A Case study

• An Experiment

• Naturalistic Observation

• Correlational study

Research shows that generally, the higher an incoming college student's high school GPA, the higher the college student's college GPA. Which of the following describes this relationship?

• a normal distribution

• a positive correlation

• a negative correlation

• a skewed distribution

Rachel moves in with Joey. Within days of moving in, Joey's refrigerator stops working. Joey believes that it is Rachel's fault that the fridge stopped working because she just moved in. Joey's assumption that Rachel's arrival is related to the refrigerator breaking is an example of

• confirmation bias

• hindsight bias

• judgmental overconfidence

• illusory correlation

• gambler's fallacy

When the rock layers in the three outcrops are correlated, the oldest layer is the

• shale layer in outcrop I

• siltstone layer in outcrop II

• limestone layer in outcrop III

• conglomerate layer in outcrop III

Evidence best indicates that rock layers 4 and 8 were deposited during the same geologic period because both layers

• contain the same index fossil

• are composed of glacial sediments

• contain index fossils of the same age

• are found in the same area

A scattergraph with points forming an upward trend indicates:

• Negative correlation

• Positive correlation

• No correlation

• Curvilinear correlation

What kind of graph is a visual tool used in correlation studies to display the relationship between two co-variables?

Which of the following best describes a situation where two variables move in opposite directions?

• Positive correlation

• Negative correlation

• No correlation

• Causal relationship

In social studies, what term is used to describe a perceived relationship between two variables that does not actually exist?

• Causal relationship

• Spurious correlation

• Direct correlation

• Inverse correlation

A researcher finds that as the number of hours spent on social media increases, the level of physical activity decreases. This is an example of:

• Positive correlation

• Negative correlation

• No correlation

• Causal relationship