Quiz about Earth's History unit 4 test

Question 1

Which period is known for the first appearance of birds?

Accepted Answer

Jurassic

Answer

Triassic

Answer

Cretaceous

Answer

Paleogene

Question 2

Fill in the blank: The _______ era is known as the 'Age of Mammals'.

Accepted Answer

C. Cenozoic

Answer

A. Paleozoic

Answer

B. Mesozoic

Answer

D. Precambrian

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The Cambrian period is part of the _______ era.

Accepted Answer

Paleozoic

Answer

Mesozoic

Answer

Cenozoic

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The _______ period is known for the dominance of dinosaurs.

Accepted Answer

Jurassic

Answer

precambrian

Question 5

Which epoch is directly before the Holocene?

Accepted Answer

Pleistocene

Answer

Miocene

Answer

Oligocene

Question 6

Fill in the blank: The _______ period is the last in the Mesozoic era.

Accepted Answer

Cretaceous

Answer

Triassic

Answer

Jurassic

Question 7

Which era is known for the formation of the first complex life forms?

Accepted Answer

Paleozoic

Answer

Mesozoic

Question 8

What does the presence of a river-deposited layer above marine fossil layers indicate?

Accepted Answer

A river system replaced the ocean.

Answer

The ocean became deeper.

Answer

The area became a desert.

Answer

None of the above.

Question 9

Which of the following fossil discoveries best demonstrates a change in the Earth's climate?

Accepted Answer

Scientists find a large amount of fossils of tropical plants and animals in a desert.

Answer

Scientists find an area that contains a variety of plant fossils but no animal fossils.

Answer

Scientists discover fossils of straight teeth buried below fossils of curved teeth.

Answer

Scientists discover a large amount of fossils of marine life near the shore.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: Scientists find a large amount of fossils of tropical plants and animals in a desert. This discovery suggests a change in the Earth's ______.

Accepted Answer

temperature

Accepted Answer

climate

Accepted Answer

geography

Answer

population

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The _______ period is the last period of the Mesozoic era.

Accepted Answer

C) Cretaceous

Answer

A) Triassic

Answer

B) Jurassic

Question 12

The diagrams below represent two series of rock layers. Each diagram represents the same time interval, which ranges from the Paleocene geologic epoch to the the Miocene geologic epoch. Each rock layer is represented by a unique combination of color and pattern. Each layer is also labeled with the type of environment in which the layer formed. Examine the diagrams, and then answer the question that follows.

Accepted Answer

Diagram X represents a more gradual change from a shallow ocean environment to an inland desert environment than does diagram Y.

Answer

Both diagrams represent the same sudden change from a shallow ocean environment to an inland desert environment.

Answer

Diagram X represents a more sudden change from a shallow ocean environment to an inland desert environment than does diagram Y.

Answer

Both diagrams represent the same gradual change from a shallow ocean environment to an inland desert environment.

Question 13

What is relative dating?

Accepted Answer

Comparing the age of one rock to another

Answer

Determining the exact age of a rock

Answer

Studying fossils at the bottom of the ocean

Answer

Using radioactive decay to find an exact age

Question 14

Which principle states that older rock layers are found below younger rock layers?

Accepted Answer

Law of Superposition

Answer

Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships

Answer

Law of Horizontality

Answer

Law of Fossil Succession

Question 15

What does an unconformity in rock layers represent?

Accepted Answer

A time period where no rock was deposited

Answer

A new fossil discovery

Answer

A rapid cooling of lava

Answer

The presence of an asteroid impact

Question 16

What is absolute dating?

Accepted Answer

A method to determine an exact age of a rock or fossil

Answer

A way to compare two rock layers

Answer

Studying modern animal bones

Answer

Measuring the weight of a fossil

Question 17

Why is Carbon-14 only useful for dating fossils up to about 50,000 years old?

Accepted Answer

It completely decays and no longer exists in older fossils

Answer

It turns into gold after that time

Answer

It only exists in non-living things

Answer

It stops decaying when frozen

Question 18

What can fossils tell scientists? Select all that apply

Accepted Answer

The type of climate in the past

Accepted Answer

What animals ate in the past

Accepted Answer

How organisms evolved over time

Question 19

Fill in the blank: Fossils are most commonly found in _______ rocks.

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Volcanic

Question 20

Fill in the blank: Fossils can tell scientists about the type of _______ in the past.

Accepted Answer

Climate

Answer

Food

Answer

Water

Answer

Soil

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a trace fossil?

Accepted Answer

A dinosaur footprint

Answer

A petrified tree trunk

Answer

A frozen woolly mammoth

Answer

A shark tooth

Question 22

Which environment is most likely to preserve trace fossils?

Accepted Answer

Muddy riverbanks or sandy deserts

Answer

Volcanic lava flow

Answer

Deep ocean trenches

Answer

High mountain peaks

Question 23

A geologist is studying rock near a fault. She takes core samples near the fault and moving away. Table below lists rock in sample. Area 1 is closest to the fault, Area 3 is farthest away. What layer is likely to be an ingenious intrusion?

Accepted Answer

layer x

Answer

rock layer b

Answer

layer c

Answer

layer d

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