Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

• schema

• heuristic

• cognition

• syntax

• language

When we use the word "automobile" to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a(n)

• mental set

• heuristic

• concept

• algorithm

• phoneme

When we use the term Hispanic to refer to a category of people, we are using this word as a(n)

• concept

• heuristic

• algorithm

• prototype

• mental set

By dividing broad concepts into increasingly smaller and detailed subgroupings, we create

• algorithms

• category hierarchies

• functional fixedness

• overconfidence

• prototypes

A prototype is a

• mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people.

• step-by-step procedure for solving problems.

• best example of a particular category.

• simple thinking strategy for solving problems efficiently.

• new, novel item fitting an existing mental category.

With which of the following statements will people typically agree most quickly?

• A penguin is a bird.

• A goose is a bird.

• A robin is a bird.

• An ostrich is a bird.

• A flamingo is a bird.

An algorithm is a

• simple thinking strategy for making decisions quickly and efficiently.

• method of hypothesis testing involving trial and error.

• best example of a particular category.

• methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.

• specific kind of prototype.

Heuristics are

• methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems.

• mental groupings of similar objects, events, or people.

• problem-solving strategies involving the use of trial and error.

• simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently.

• thinking strategies that often hasten insights.

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

• the availability heuristic.

• belief perseverance.

• an algorithm.

• the representativeness heuristic.

• functional fixedness.

The sudden comprehension of the double meaning of a humorous pun best illustrates

• the representativeness heuristic.

• belief perseverance.

• the availability heuristic.

• the framing effect.

• insight.