Development of the Quantum Model: Conceptual Questions

What was one of the main problems with Rutherford's model of the atom?

• It couldn't explain why electrons radiated energy.

• It couldn't explain the specific wavelengths of light emitted by different elements.

• It predicted that atoms would be stable indefinitely.

• It suggested that electrons had fixed energy levels.

What did Louis de Broglie propose about the behavior of electrons?

• Electrons are always particles.

• Electrons exhibit wave-like properties.

• Electrons have a fixed position within the atom.

• Electrons radiate energy as they orbit the nucleus.

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How does de Broglie's hypothesis relate to the Bohr model?

• It suggests that electrons exist in fixed orbits only.

• It explains that electrons behave as waves, which can form standing wave patterns in orbitals.

• It refines the concept of a nucleus.

• It disproves the quantization of energy levels.

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What does the concept of wave-particle duality imply about electrons?

• Electrons are only particles that emit waves under specific conditions.

• Electrons can behave as both waves and particles, depending on how they are observed.

• Electrons are waves and cannot be treated as particles.

• Electrons behave as waves when outside the nucleus but as particles when inside.

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In quantum mechanics, what does an atomic orbital represent?

• The exact path of an electron around the nucleus

• A region of space where an electron is likely to be found

• The energy emitted by an electron during a transition

• The fixed position of an electron in an energy level

Why are electrons in atomic orbitals described using probability clouds?

• The exact location of an electron cannot be determined.

• Electrons are too small to be measured.

• Orbitals constantly change their size and shape.

• Electrons follow elliptical paths around the nucleus.

How did Bohr's model differ from the modern quantum mechanical model of the atom?

• Bohr suggested electrons orbit in fixed paths, whereas the modern model uses probability distributions.

• Bohr's model included the concept of wave-particle duality, which is absent in the quantum model.

• The quantum model does not consider discrete energy levels.

• Bohr's model relied on probability, while the quantum model uses fixed orbits.

What happens when an electron in an atom transitions from a higher to a lower energy level?

• The electron absorbs a photon of energy.

• The atom becomes unstable.

• A photon of light is emitted with energy equal to the difference between the levels.

• The nucleus of the atom splits into two.

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Why can electrons only exist in discrete energy levels according to de Broglie's hypothesis?

• Electrons are quantized particles that cannot move freely.

• Electrons must form standing waves, meaning only an integer number of wavelengths can fit within an orbit.

• Electrons lack sufficient energy to exist outside these levels.

• Electrons follow elliptical paths within fixed energy levels.

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What does a node in an atomic orbital represent?

• The region where an electron is most likely to be found

• A point of maximum probability for the electron’s location

• A region where the probability of finding an electron is zero

• A boundary between two atomic orbitals