Pre-test Explanation text

CASE 1:

A town experiences frequent flooding during heavy rain. Many trees have been cut down, and the land is covered with buildings and roads, making it hard for rainwater to soak into the ground. The river is also polluted with trash, causing water to overflow into homes and streets. The local government is looking for ways to prevent future floods.


Q: What is one reason why the town floods easily?

• The town has too many trees

• The land is covered with buildings and roads

• The river is very deep and wide

• The town does not receive any rain

CASE 1:

A town experiences frequent flooding during heavy rain. Many trees have been cut down, and the land is covered with buildings and roads, making it hard for rainwater to soak into the ground. The river is also polluted with trash, causing water to overflow into homes and streets. The local government is looking for ways to prevent future floods.


Q: How does pollution in the river make flooding worse?

• It makes the river look dirty

• It causes fish to leave the river

• It blocks the flow of water, making the river overflow

• It makes rainwater disappear faster

CASE 1:

A town experiences frequent flooding during heavy rain. Many trees have been cut down, and the land is covered with buildings and roads, making it hard for rainwater to soak into the ground. The river is also polluted with trash, causing water to overflow into homes and streets. The local government is looking for ways to prevent future floods.


Q: What can people do to help prevent floods?

• Cut down more trees

• Throw more trash into the river

• Plant trees and clean the river

• Build more concrete roads

CASE 1:

A town experiences frequent flooding during heavy rain. Many trees have been cut down, and the land is covered with buildings and roads, making it hard for rainwater to soak into the ground. The river is also polluted with trash, causing water to overflow into homes and streets. The local government is looking for ways to prevent future floods.


Q: What should the government do to reduce flooding?

• Do nothing and wait for the rain to stop

• Create more green spaces and enforce environmental laws

• Tell people to use boats during the rainy season

• Build more houses in flood-prone areas

CASE 2:

An investigative team wants to propose a new policy to deal with flooding. Based on the text, the most appropriate policy to implement is…

• Allowing people to live as usual without environmental regulations

• Create strict regulations regarding waste management and reforestation

• Increase the number of factories to collect rainwater

• Stop all infrastructure development in urban areas

CASE 3:

A city that usually only experiences minor flooding now experiences major flooding every year. Investigations show that:

• Annual rainfall has not changed in the last 10 years.

• Forests in upstream areas have been reduced drastically.

• The main river in the city became shallower and narrower.

• The city's population increased, and more buildings were built.

Q: Based on the facts above, the main cause of increased flooding is most likely…

• Rainfall increased suddenly this year

• Loss of forests and narrowing of rivers which impede water flow

• City residents are becoming accustomed to floods and are no longer afraid of them

• The sun is too hot, making it difficult for flood water to evaporate

CASE 4:

A flood expert found that after a major flood, areas affected by flooding are more likely to experience flooding again in the future. This is caused by…

• The soil pores are covered with mud so the soil cannot absorb water properly

• Residents who experience flooding become more afraid and panic easily

• Flood water contains toxic substances that make the soil hard

• The rain became heavier after the first flood occurred

CASE 5:

A city wants to reduce the risk of flooding, but the policies they create actually make the problem worse. Which policies actually make flooding worse?

• Reducing green areas to build more roads and buildings

• Create a better drainage system to speed up the flow of rainwater

• Plant more trees in the upstream areas of rivers

• Prohibit residents from throwing rubbish in the river

CASE 6:

A city wants to reduce the risk of flooding, but the policies they create actually make the problem worse. Which policies actually make flooding worse?

• Reducing green areas to build more roads and buildings

• Create a better drainage system to speed up the flow of rainwater

• Plant more trees in the upstream areas of rivers

• Prohibit residents from throwing rubbish in the river

CASE 7:

If you are an environmental engineer tasked with reducing the risk of flooding in a city with high rainfall, the most effective long-term solution is…

• Building a large dam without improving the drainage system

• Build more skyscrapers to divert rainwater

• Regreening upstream river areas and improving water catchment systems

• Using a water pump every time a flood occurs