Which of the following describes an accurate similarity between the Qing and Russian empires in the 18th and 19th centuries?

• Both relied heavily on maritime trade as a source of material goods.
• Both successfully resisted pressure from industrialized powers.
• Both were heavily influenced by the intellectual work of Jesuit missionaries.
• Both had vast territories with peoples of various ethnicities and languages.

Which of the following scientific concepts had the greatest role in providing a justification for imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

• Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease
• Charles Darwin's Theory of evolution
• Albert Einstein's theory of relativity
• Marie Curie's theory of radio activity

By 1830 revolutions in the Atlantic world resulted in which of the following changes?

• The political independence of colonies in both North and South America
• The emancipation of slaves everywhere in t he Atlantic world
• Political and economic domination of the Western Hemisphere by the United States
• The creation of a politically unified South America

The "Second Industrial Revolution" in the last half of the 19th century was associated with the mass production of which of the following groups of products?

• Textiles, iron, and coal
• Textiles, automobiles, and planes
• Electricity, ships, and radios
• Electricity, steel, and chemicals

In the late 19th century, European imperialism in both Africa and China was characterized by

• Widespread trade in opium
• The encouragement of slavery
• Small military enclaves along coastlines
• Competition among imperialist powers

Which of the following describes the effect of skin color, ethnicity, and former slave status in Latin America in the late 19th century?

• There was little effect for most people
• Marriage alliances among all classes and castes eliminated the effect on all three
• Large numbers of people of color migrated to the newly "Reconstructed" southern United States
• There continued to be discrimination on the basis of all three factors.

The American desire for a trade relationship with Japan in 1853 led to

• The overthrow of the shogun and the modernization of the country
• Increased tensions between China and Korea
• Greater Russian influence in Manchuria
• The colonization of Taiwan

In the 18th century, MOST revolutionary leaders tended to be members of the

• Slave class
• Working class
• Catholic clergy
• Educated middle class

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of Social Darwinism?

• It was a significant breakthrough in revolutionary theory
• It led to an increase in urbanization throughout much of Europe
• It influenced the development of the factory model of production
• It was used as a justification for the inferior treatment of colonial people

The first republic to grant equality to all its citizens in the Western Hemisphere was

• The United States
• Bolivia
• Haiti
• Jamaica