2.3- 3.2 Exam

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for the element sulfur (S)?

Explain how the periodic table can be used to predict the reactivity of elements.

• Elements in the same period have similar reactivity.

• Elements in the same group have similar reactivity due to similar valence electron configurations.

• Elements with higher atomic numbers are always more reactive.

• Reactivity is random and cannot be predicted using the periodic table.

Calculate the effective nuclear charge (Z*) experienced by a 3p electron in a chlorine atom. (Atomic number of Cl = 17)

• 7

• 9

• 5

• 3

Which of the following best describes the principle of Coulomb's Law in atomic interactions?

• It describes the force between two charged particles as directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

• It states that electrons fill orbitals starting from the lowest energy level.

• It explains the periodic trends in atomic size.

• It describes the energy levels of electrons in an atom.

• The structure shows a single bond between carbon and each oxygen.

• The structure shows a double bond between carbon and each oxygen, with no lone pairs on carbon.

• The structure shows a triple bond between carbon and one oxygen, and a single bond with the other.

• The structure shows a double bond between carbon and each oxygen, with lone pairs on each oxygen.

Which of the following elements has the highest ionization energy?

• Lithium (Li)

• Sodium (Na)

• Potassium (K)

• Fluorine (F)

What is the primary reason for the increase in atomic radius as you move down a group in the periodic table?

• Increase in nuclear charge

• Increase in electron shielding

• Decrease in electron affinity

• Increase in ionization energy

Describe the modern atomic theory and how it differs from Dalton's atomic theory.

• Modern atomic theory states that atoms are indivisible, while Dalton's theory states that atoms can be divided into subatomic particles.

• Modern atomic theory includes the concept of isotopes and electron clouds, while Dalton's theory did not.

• Modern atomic theory states that atoms of the same element are identical, while Dalton's theory states that atoms of different elements are identical.

• Modern atomic theory states that atoms can change into other atoms, while Dalton's theory states that atoms are immutable.

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a neutral atom of magnesium (Mg)?

Using Coulomb's Law, explain why the ionization energy of helium is higher than that of hydrogen.

• Helium has a higher nuclear charge, resulting in a stronger attraction between the nucleus and the electrons.

• Helium has more electrons, which increases electron-electron repulsion.

• Helium has a larger atomic radius, which decreases the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons.

• Helium has a lower nuclear charge, resulting in a weaker attraction between the nucleus and the electrons.