The Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) is used to:

Handle and resolve interrupts when they occur.

Compile high-level code into machine code.

Provide a graphical user interface.

What is the primary role of a bootloader in a computer system?

To initialize hardware and load the operating system at startup.

To provide error diagnostics for software development.

To translate high-level code into machine language.

To manage user accounts and security.

Memory management in an operating system involves:

Allocating and deallocating memory for processes.

Translating code from one language to another.

Handling network communications exclusively.

A high-level programming language is characterized by: A. Being very close to binary machine code. B. Being easier to read and write, with abstract constructs. C. Direct manipulation of hardware registers. D. Being used only for firmware development.

Being easier to read and write, with abstract constructs.

Being very close to binary machine code.

Direct manipulation of hardware registers.

Being used only for firmware development.

How does an assembler differ from a compiler?

An assembler translates assembly language, while a compiler translates high-level code.

An assembler executes code line-by-line, while a compiler translates code all at once.

An assembler is used for debugging, while a compiler is used for editing.

There is no difference; they perform the same task.

Which process correctly describes how assembly language is turned into executable code?

The assembler converts mnemonics into binary code.

The interpreter executes assembly code without conversion.

The bootloader compiles the assembly language.

The operating system translates assembly code into high-level language.

A compiler typically works by:

Translating high-level code to machine code

A compiler is best described as: A. Interpreting code line-by-line during runtime. B. Translating the entire high-level program into machine code before execution. C. Providing direct hardware control for debugging. D. Running the program without converting it into machine code.

Translating the entire high-level program into machine code before execution.

Interpreting code line-by-line during runtime.

Providing direct hardware control for debugging.

Running the program without converting it into machine code.

One key advantage of using a compiler is that it:

Provides a comprehensive error report for the entire program.

Generates immediate output for each line of code.

Translates code without generating an executable.

Allows direct manipulation of hardware during development.

An interpreter works by:

Translating and executing code one line at a time.

Converting code into machine language before running it.

Generating an executable file for later use.

Handling low-level assembly code exclusively.

A disadvantage of using an interpreter compared to a compiler is that it:

Stops execution at the first error encountered, which may slow debugging.

Translates the entire program at once.

Provides a comprehensive error report for all code.

Generates an executable file for production use.

Machine independence in high-level programming languages means that:

Code can run on any hardware platform without modification.

Code must be rewritten for each different hardware platform.

Code is optimized for a specific hardware platform.

Code is dependent on the operating system.

What is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)?

B. A collection of software tools for writing, testing, and debugging code in one application.

A. A type of operating system for mobile devices.

C. A hardware device used to run software applications.

D. A firmware used to initialize hardware.

Which of the following is NOT a common feature found in an IDE?

D. Direct hardware configuration

C. Code editor with syntax highlighting

How does auto-completion in an IDE assist a programmer?

By predicting and suggesting code snippets as the programmer types.

By automatically running the program.

By compiling the code without errors.

By managing system memory allocation.

What is the primary function of a real-time error diagnostic tool in software development?

Detect and display errors in real time as code is written.

Run the final executable without errors.

Prevent the operating system from multitasking.

Automatically generate hardware interrupts.

How does an operating system typically manage user accounts?

By creating, modifying, and deleting user accounts and setting access permissions.

By translating high-level languages into machine code.

By directly editing the source code of applications.

By generating hardware interrupts.

Device drivers are essential because they:

Translate communication between the operating system and hardware devices.

Provide a direct user interface for programming.

Automatically generate system software updates.

Multitasking in an operating system refers to its ability to:

Allocate CPU time among multiple running processes.

Run only one application at a time.

Directly manage hardware interrupts.

Convert high-level languages to machine code.

Which of the following is a function of utility software?

Maintaining and optimizing system performance, such as disk cleanup and file management.

Writing assembly language programs.

Providing network connectivity exclusively.

How does an operating system handle peripheral devices?

It uses device drivers to communicate with and manage the devices.

It compiles code from the devices into machine language.

It ignores external hardware once the system is booted.

It directly executes application software on the peripherals.

What is the correct relationship between hardware, firmware, and the operating system?

Firmware runs on hardware, then loads the operating system, which in turn runs application software.

Application software loads firmware, which then manages hardware and the operating system.

The operating system is installed in firmware and runs hardware directly.

Hardware loads the operating system, which then installs firmware.

Which statement best compares system software and application software?

System software manages hardware and system resources, whereas application software is designed for specific user tasks.

System software is used for general computing, while application software is used only for system maintenance.

Both types of software serve the same purpose and are interchangeable.

Application software is embedded in hardware, while system software is installed by the user.

How does an operating system manage files on a computer?

By organizing, creating, deleting, and setting access permissions for files.

By compiling the file data into machine code.

By using device drivers to read files from the disk.

By converting file data into assembly language.

What happens when a program attempts a division by zero?

C. A software interrupt is generated and handled by error routines.

A. A hardware interrupt is generated.

B. The operating system shuts down immediately.

D. The program automatically corrects the error.

Which of the following is a common example of a hardware interrupt in daily computer use?

C. A variable being declared incorrectly.

D. A logical error in a program.

The operating system prioritizes tasks primarily through:

Scheduling algorithms that allocate CPU time among processes.

Direct translation of high-level code.

Random assignment of resources.

Why is an operating system essential for running application software?

It provides the necessary environment and resources for applications to run.

It converts application code into assembly language.

It writes new code for the applications.

It is not essential; applications run independently.

A developer might choose a low-level language over a high-level language when:

Direct hardware control and performance optimization are required.

Readability and maintenance are the primary concerns.

The application is intended for cross-platform use with minimal modifications.

Rapid development and debugging are needed.

Which pair correctly lists two advantages and two disadvantages of high-level languages? A. Advantages: Direct hardware control, faster execution; Disadvantages: Harder to debug, less readable. B. Advantages: Easier to read/write, machine independence; Disadvantages: Potentially slower performance, less direct hardware control. C. Advantages: Immediate compilation, automatic memory management; Disadvantages: Complex syntax, lower abstraction.

B. Advantages: Easier to read/write, machine independence; Disadvantages: Potentially slower performance, less direct hardware control.

A. Advantages: Direct hardware control, faster execution; Disadvantages: Harder to debug, less readable.

C. Advantages: Immediate compilation, automatic memory management; Disadvantages: Complex syntax, lower abstraction.

Proper file management contributes to system security by:

Organizing data and controlling user access to prevent unauthorized use.

Encrypting all files automatically.

Compiling files into a single executable.

Generating hardware interrupts when files are accessed.

Which scenario best illustrates how improper handling of interrupts can lead to system instability?

B. A peripheral malfunction generating excessive hardware interrupts, causing system crashes.

A. A computer running multiple applications smoothly.

C. An operating system performing regular file backups.

D. A high-level language code compiling without errors.

An operating system’s scheduling algorithm is critical because it:

Ensures that every process is given a fair share of CPU time.

Compiles code faster than an interpreter.

Directly translates assembly language into machine code.

Prevents any software interrupts from occurring.

If firmware becomes corrupted or outdated, which of the following issues might occur?

Inability to properly initialize hardware during boot-up.

Improved security and user account management.

Automatic generation of low-level code.

When a new USB drive is connected, the operating system typically:

Detects the device, loads the appropriate driver, and mounts the drive for use.

Immediately compiles the drive’s data.

Formats the drive automatically without user input.

Ignores the device until a reboot occurs.

Machine independence in high-level languages benefits global software development projects because it:

Allows the same code to run on multiple platforms, reducing development time and cost.

Requires separate codebases for each hardware platform.

Forces developers to write platform-specific code.

Increases the complexity of compiling code.

One of the pros of using an interpreter is that it:

Provides immediate feedback by executing code line-by-line.

Generates a fully optimized executable before running code.

Automatically handles hardware interrupts.

Requires all code to be written in assembly language.

Auto-correction in modern IDEs can be beneficial because it:

Automatically fixes syntax errors, speeding up development.

Replaces the need for a compiler.

Generates low-level machine code directly.

Prevents developers from ever making mistakes.

The operating system ensures system security in user account management by:

Enforcing password policies, setting permission levels, and controlling access rights.

Allowing any user to access all files.

Automatically compiling user applications.

Generating hardware interrupts for every login attempt.

Chapter 4 – Software: Basic Definitions and Descriptions

Authored by Shervon Yak

Computers

8th Grade

Used 2+ times

Chapter 4 – Software: Basic Definitions and Descriptions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What best describes the difference between system software and application software?

System software is used to write code, while application software manages hardware.

System software manages computer resources and hardware, while application software performs user-specific tasks.

System software is only used by developers, while application software is used only by end users.

System software includes web browsers, and application software includes operating systems.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is NOT a basic function of an operating system?

Memory management

Handling interrupts

Compiling high-level code

Managing files

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of these is an example of system software?

Word processor

Spreadsheet application

Linux operating system

Web browser

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is an example of application software?

BIOS firmware

Antivirus utility

Device driver

Video game

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Firmware is best described as:

Software installed by the user on a regular basis.

Low-level software embedded into hardware for initialization and control.

A type of high-level application software.

Software that compiles high-level languages.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A hardware interrupt is generated when:

A. A division by zero occurs in a program.

B. Two applications access the same memory location.

C. A key is pressed on the keyboard.

D. A program’s syntax error is detected.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which situation is an example of a software interrupt?

Pressing a mouse button

A network cable being unplugged

A division by zero error

A printer running out of paper

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