World History Topic 4 Test

What was one of Britain’s primary contributions to industrialism?

• Britain developed new farming practices that led to the second Agricultural Revolution.
• British inventors developed new machines for the textile industry that led to the factory system.
• The British government freely exported new technology, allowing industrialization to spread.
• British entrepreneurs invested in manufacturing and transportation all over Europe.

Why were the first factories more efficient than the earlier putting-out system?

• They did not require an outside source of power.
• They allowed laborers to build a product from start to finish.
• They brought workers and machines together in one place.
• They could be built in any location.

Industrialization spread because

• Britain shared the new technology in order to gain new trading partners.
• Other nations wanted to have the same economic opportunities that Britain enjoyed.
• Parliament relaxed Britain's monopoly on industrial technology.
• Britain had to trade its technology for labor and natural resources.

Which statement best describes child labor during the early years of the Industrial Revolution?

• Child labor did not exist before the Industrial Revolution.
• Mines and textile factories employed large numbers of children.
• Laws kept children from working in dangerous mines and factories.
• Most child laborers spent part of each day in school.

What was one long-term benefit of the Industrial Revolution?

• Factory work allowed women to earn as much money as men.
• Over time, poverty was eliminated in industrialized nations.
• Governments took greater control over the economy.
• In industrialized countries, the overall standard of living improved.

Adam Smith defined the free market as an economic system in which

• the market functions with little or no government interference.
• the government regulates prices to benefit all.
• workers control the means of production.
• entrepreneurs cooperate to set wages and prices.

Socialism is based on the belief that

• the means of production should be shared by everyone in society.
• governments should interfere in business only to prevent harm.
• industrialization is an evil that must be stopped.
• workers will unite and overthrow the ruling class to form a classless society.

What were two major effects of new technology on business during the Industrial Revolution?

• Production became faster and less expensive.
• Workers made more money and worked fewer hours.
• The streets were safer and cleaner.
• Fewer goods were manufactured and sold.

Why did big business emerge during the Industrial Revolution?

• Competition between businesses became unnecessary.
• Labor unions demanded and won higher wages.
• New technologies required the investment of more money.
• Governments passed laws regulating monopolies.

How did city life change during the late 1800s and early 1900s?

• Neighborhoods became more crowded.
• Improved sanitation slowed the spread of disease.
• Urban workers began to move to the suburbs.
• Standards of living fell as wages dropped.