DT 1 Eng Lanjutan

The old myth about clever animals may have been closer to the truth than science has been for much of its history. Until fairly recently, animals were considered to be unthinking machines and human the only intelligent species. However, aided by new cognition tests that allow elephants to show their intelligence, scientists have discovered human and elephant intelligence have much in common

Most contemporary etiologists view the elephant as one of the world's most intelligent animals. With mass of just over 5 kg, an elephant's brain has more mass than that of any other land animal. In addition, elephants have a total of 300 billion neurons. Elephant brains are similar to humans’ in terms of general connectivity and areas. The elephant cortex has as many neurons as a human brain.

Moreover, elephants manifest a wide variety of behavior, including those associated with self-awareness, altruism, memory and communication. It has been proven scientifically that the elephants are self-aware. In one study an elephant called happy would touch a white cross painted on her forehead, a test used to test self-awareness in children. She could only see it in a mirror and understood that she was looking at a reflection of herself.

Elephants also practice altruism. There is famous story of Indian elephant called Chandrashekaran, who was working lifting poles off a truck as it moved along, and placing them in holes dug in the ground. When Chandrashekaran came to one hole he refused to put the log in. Eventually the Mahout checked and discovered a dog sleeping in it. Only when the dog was gone would Chandrashekaran put the pole in

Finally, elephants do have long memories. They eat an incredible variety of foods and need to cover long distances to get it. They need to know where to go at what time of year. They learn this and remember it. Also, they have complex communication and societies, and they need to remember all the different individuals’ voices and smells in order to be socially adept.

All of the following statements about elephants intelligence are true, EXCEPT ......

• Elephants like helping other animals

• Elephants have strong memory and cognition

• Like human beings, elephants have self-awareness.

• Elephant's brain has less mass than that of other mammals

• Elephant intelligence shares some similarities with human intelligence

As we sail through the 21st century, technology in the classroom is becoming more and more predominant. Tablets are replacing our textbooks, and we can research just about anything that we want on our smartphones. Social media has become commonplace, and the way we use technology has completely transformed the way we live.

Educators, too, have seen firsthand the benefits of technology in classroom. According to a study by IT Trade Association CompTIA just released this month, around 75 percent of educators think that technology has a positive impact on the education process. Educators also recognize the importance of developing these technological skills in students so they will be prepared to enter the workforce once they complete their schooling

The Impact that technology has had on today's school has been quite significant. This widespread adoption of technology has completely changed how teachers teach and students learn. Teachers are learning how to teach with emerging technologies (tablets, iPads, Smart Boards, digital cameras, and computers), while students are using advanced technology to shape how they learn. By embracing and integrating technology in the classroom, we are setting our students up for a successful life outside of school

A few benefits of using technology are obvious. Technology in the classroom makes learning more fun. Technology not only prepares students for the future, but also improves retention rates. Besides, technology helps students learn at their own pace, and technology connects leaves retention rates. Besides,

As technology changes very fast, educators need to keep up with the time in order to best prepare students for this ever-changing world we live in. While we just saw how integrating technology into the classroom has its benefits, it is important to note that traditional learning processes are just as essential. Take time to learn about each element of ed-tech that you will incorporate into your classroom. 

One of the negative effects of technology on the educators is that….

• They have to learn harder than their students do

• They have changed their thinking styles in learning

• They have to keep adapting themselves to the newest inventions

• Information becomes outdated fast as technology changes quickly

• They do not have time to keep up with their social skills and lives

P1: The applications, games, and websites that are promoted as ‘educational’ are not always the best ones for supporting learning. The fact that they are interactive does not necessarily mean that they are much better than an old-fashioned workbook with its right and wrong answers. Children may enjoy these products for a while but then get a bit bored. Thus, they are not the most appropriate or engaging way to learn.

P2: Treat so-called 'free' applications with caution. Some will expose your child to advertisements. Others are designed to wait until your child is engaged in a game or storyline and then demand payment before they can go any further. This can lead to frustration as young children do not understand why they cannot continue. Sometimes it is better to make a small payment in advance if the application promises no further purchases. However, some applications are free to download and completely free of advertisements or in-app purchases.

P3: Choosing an app needs the same kind of thought and care you would put into buying anything else for your child. Do not rely only on the star rating, Instead, read the user reviews and check the privacy policy if you are worried about the personal information that the app might be collecting. If you want your child to enjoy learning, develop curiosity, and think about things creatively, provide them with a range of games and apps. Open-ended games have become progressively more challenging and encourage children to explore and have fun. They are, therefore, more likely to establish a love of learning and to lay the foundation for their future development.

P4: Physical activity, reading, and other more ‘traditional’ activities continue to play a very important part in children's development. But, most parents do rely on screen devices from time to time to engage their child while they are busy with something else. This is not a problem in itself, just as long as children's time is made up of a balanced range of activities.

The author reminds readers to be more careful with commercialism in free applications in paragraph(s)…..

• 1

• 2

• 1 and 4

• 2 and 3

• 3

Strategic flooding is a highly risky tactic. It can only be successful if there's a well-thought-out backup plan and a plan for fast repairs. Flood can result in loss of life and damage homes and businesses, and when the water remains inland for a long time, it can change the landscape through erosion and deposition, forming new tidal channels and creeks.

During the Eighty Years War, as the Spanish army fought to recapture territory in what is now northern Belgium and southwestern Netherland in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch rebels led by William of Orange decided to use the low-lying, flood-prone landscape to their advantage. In an attempt to liberate Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp from Spanish dominance and defend their territory, the rebels destroyed seawalls at strategic places from 1584 to 1586 to cause deliberate, large-scale floods.

The area flooded during the Eighty Years War became part of strategic line of defense and remained inundated for more than 100 years in some places, with profound consequences for the landscape. The plan got completely out of hand, and it came at the expense of the countryside of northern Landers, now Zeeland Flanders.

After water receded, a thick layer of clay covered all remnants of buildings and roads in the area. As sea water was used, soil salinity increased, affecting agricultural yields, being as damaging as floods caused by 15 heavy rainfall or storm surges

The passage would probably be assigned reading in which of the following course?

• Disaster management

• Defense and security

• Risk management

• Geography

• Geology

P1: The integration of technology and media can enhance early childhood practice. Successful integration of technology and media into early childhood programs involves the use of resources such as computers and the internet in daily classroom practices. True integration occurs when the use of technology and media becomes routine and transparent – when the focus of a child or educator is on the activity or exploration itself and not on the technology or media being used. Technology integration has been successful when the use of technology and media supports the goals of educators and programs for children provides children with digital tools for learning and communicating and helps improve child outcomes.

P2: As the lives of children, parents, families, and educators are infused with technology and media, early childhood classrooms can benefit from the possibilities of extending children's learning through judicious use of these tools. As part of the overall classroom plan, technology and interactive media should be used in ways that support existing classroom developmental and educational goals rather than in ways that distort or replace them. For example, drawing on a touch screen can add to children's graphic representational experiences, manipulating colorful acetate shapes on a light table allows children to explore color and shape.

P3: By focusing on technology and interactive media as tools – not as ends in and of themselves – teachers can avoid the passive and potentially harmful use of non-interactive, linear screen media that is inappropriate in early childhood settings. Intentionality is a key to developmentally appropriate use.

P4: Exciting new resources in today's technology-rich world represent the next frontier in digital learning for our youngest citizens, leaving it to talented educators and caring adults to determine how best to leverage each new technology as an opportunity for children's learning in ways that are developmentally appropriate.

Which paragraph(s) explain(s) the importance of using technology and media wisely so that it can support existing classroom practice.....

• 1

• 2 and 3

• 2 and 4

• 3 and 4

• 4