Which of the following does NOT describe how greenhouse gases affect Earth?

• They regulate Earth’s energy and global temperatures.

• They move warm and cold water around the planet.

• They trap Earth’s heat near the surface.

Greenhouse gases include the following:

• carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor (CO2, CH4, H20)

• nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen (N2, CO2, O2)

• nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen (N2, H2, O2)

Observe the Carbon Cycle diagram you drew in your notes. Carbon is absorbed by ________ . When _________ are burned, carbon dioxide is released. Carbon dioxide is called a _________ because it traps heat in Earth’s atmosphere. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes average global temperatures to _________ . Which terms, in order of appearance, best complete the sentences?

• trees and other photosynthesizers; fossil fuels; greenhouse gas; increase

• trees and other photosynthesizers; precipitation; greenhouse effect; stay the same

• lakes; fossil fuels; photosynthesis; increase

About 2200 years ago, there was a long period of unusually cold weather. Crops failed, and both the Roman Republic and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt fell. Which event most likely caused this sudden change in climate?

• A large wildfire burned down many trees, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

• A severe storm flooded a river, causing vegetation to die and less oxygen was released into the atmosphere.

• A massive volcano erupted and released ash into the atmosphere, blocking out sunlight.

How did the meteor strike cause these two global changes in climate?

• The impact of the meteor created large amounts of dust and soot, blocking sunlight and cooling the planet, while the release of carbon dioxide later led to warming.

• The meteor strike directly melted ice caps, causing immediate warming followed by cooling from the release of greenhouse gases.

• The impact of the meteor triggered massive ocean currents, which cooled the planet and later caused heating due to the melting of polar ice.

How does the Gulf Stream affect the climate in these locations?

• The Gulf Stream cools the climate by bringing cold water from the poles, lowering temperatures in the Eastern United States and Western Europe.

• The Gulf Stream warms the climate by bringing warm water from the Equator, raising temperatures in the Eastern United States and Western Europe.

• The Gulf Stream has no effect on the climate, as it only affects ocean currents and not atmospheric conditions.

What would happen if the Gulf Stream suddenly slows down or if less water moves?

• The Eastern United States and Western Europe would experience colder temperatures and harsher winters.

• The Gulf Stream would stop entirely, leading to an increase in tropical storms along the coast.

• There would be no significant change, as the Gulf Stream is not important for global climate patterns.

What natural cause accelerates climate change the most?

• Changes in the Earth's orbit, which alter the amount of sunlight reaching the planet.

• The gradual cooling of the Sun, which reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth.

• Volcanic activity, which releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

An enormous volcanic eruption occurred in Tambora near the equator and ejected volcanic ash and gases into the atmosphere. What are 2 effects this will have on global climate?

• Ash will fill the sky blocking out the sun; climate will cool.

• Lava heats the entire globe for centuries increasing the average temperature.

• Due to ocean currents, no climate change will occur.

• Greenhouse gases are emitted; over the long term they build up in the atmosphere. Due to the greenhouse effect, climate warms.

What is the ‘greenhouse effect’?

• Reflecting the sun’s radiation back into the atmosphere.

• Cooling from ash and dust caused by volcanic eruptions and meteor impacts.

• The natural process of trapping heat near Earth’s surface.