Ch 21 Enlightenment Review

How did new technology such as the telescope and new theories such as Pascal’s Law lay the foundation of the Scientific Revolution?

• Government used them to make scientific laws

• Scientists used them to create new inventions and theories

• Ordinary people used them in their everyday life

• Philosophers used them to think about ancient Greek ideas

Which of the following made it possible for scientists to practice direct observation?

• Natural philosophers

• Greek thinkers

• telescope and microscope

• Printing press

Francis Bacon believed that scientists should

• Use inductive reason

• Develop their own scientific method

• Study philosophy

• Rely on ancient authorities

According to Rousseau, the general will represents what is best for the

• Government

• Peasants and lower class

• Entire community

• Aristocratic and middle classes

Education spread widely during the Enlightenment because

• Books were written by elite

• Schools were free for everyone

• Churches promoted education

• Reading material was aimed at the masses

Frederick II of Prussia promoted greater freedom of speech, the press, and religion; however, he did not improve life for

• Foreign travelers

• Women

• Serfs

• Army

How did the conclusion of the War of the Austrian Succession and its Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle set the stage for the Seven Years’ War?

• Europe, Asia, and North America became involved in the war

• Charles VI died without a male heir, so his daughter succeeded him

• After seven years, all parties to the war were exhausted

• Prussia refused to return Silesia to Austria

What finally happened to Silesia as a result of the Seven Years’ War?

• France claimed it

• Prussia permanently kept it

• Peter III claimed it for Russia

• It became a new, independent nation

Because scholarship was considered the exclusive domain of men, female scientists often had to

• Marry before pursuing a career

• Be sponsored by a male scientist

• Limit their research to certain fields

• Publish their work anonymously

The scientific method grew out of the belief that the world is best understood through

• Imagination

• Direct observation

• Teachings of Aristotle

• Geocentric view of the universe