Referencing Formats and Primary Sources

Many of your papers will ask you to use primary sources as references. Which of the following is an example of a primary source?

• • A systematic review of research on maternal infant bonding

• • An editorial discussing the status of health care in America

• • An edited textbook about all educational theories

• • A research study on caregiver burnout written by the researcher

Which of the formats at the right is correct in the Reference List when referencing a chapter written by an author who is not an editor of the text book?

• • Conner, A. (2016). Poverty and homelessness. In M. Stanhope & J. Lancaster (Eds.), Public Health Nursing (pp. 731-749). Elsevier.

• • Conner, A. (2016). Poverty and homelessness. In Stanhope, M. & Lancaster, J. (Eds.), Public Health Nursing (pp. 731-749). Elsevier.

• • Conner, A. (2016). Poverty and homelessness. In Stanhope, M. & Lancaster, J. (Eds.), Public Health Nursing. Elsevier.

• • Conner, A. (2016). Poverty and homelessness. In M. Stanhope & J. Lancaster (Eds.), Public Health Nursing (731-749). Elsevier.

Which of the references at the right for a journal article in the reference page is correct?

• • Grundy, P., Hagan, K. R., Chin, J., & Grumbach, K. (2010). The Multistakeholder Movement for Primary Care Renewal and Reform. Health Affairs, 29(5), 791-798. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7492.612

• • Grundy, P., Hagan, K. R., Chin, J., & Grumbach, K. (2010). The multistakeholder movement for primary care renewal and reform. Health Affairs, 29(5), 791-798. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7492.612

• • Grundy, P., Hagan, K. R., Chin, J., & Grumbach, K. (2010). The multistakeholder movement for primary care renewal and reform. Health Affairs, 29(5), 791-798. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7492.612

You have found an excellent video on evidence-based practice on YouTube and want to reference it in your paper.  Which of the following formats would you use?  

• • Montgomery, M. [Molly Montgomery]. (2016, May 26). Evidence based practice, step 1:

    Asking the clinical question [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v+PjhnN7sjPBg

• • Montgomery, M. [Molly Montgomery]. (2016). Evidence based practice, step 1:

    Asking the clinical question [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v+PjhnN7sjPBg

• • Montgomery, M. [Molly Montgomery]. (2016, May 26). Evidence based practice, step 1:

    Asking the clinical question [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v+PjhnN7sjPBg

• • Montgomery, M. [Molly Montgomery]. (2016, May 26). Evidence based practice, step 1:

    Asking the clinical question [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v+PjhnN7sjPBg

Which of the options at the right is the correct way to reference The Institute of Medicine Report in your reference list?

• • Institute of Medicine. (2010). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. https://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12956&page=R1

• • Institute of Medicine. (2010). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. Retrieved from https://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12956&page=R1

• • Institute of Medicine. (2010). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. https://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12956&page=R1

• • Institute of Medicine. (2010). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. https://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12956&page=R1

You find a link in the electronic database for a source that says “citation.” When you open it up, you have an option for APA. “My day has just gotten much easier!” you remark to yourself. Better yet—when you click on the APA link, the citation for the source is formatted in what appears to be APA style. Can you trust this source and just cut and paste this formatting onto your reference page?

• • No, these citations are only designed to be in the database and are not APA style.

• • No, it constitutes plagiarism.

• • Yes, these citations have been pre-approved by librarians and are correctly formatted.

• Yes, but you need to review it for potential errors in APA style, revising as needed.

Which of the following at the right is the correct format for citing the book, Guide to Culturally Competent Health Care?

• • Purnell, L. D. (April, 2009). Guide to culturally competent health care. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co.

• Purnell, L. D. (2009). Guide to culturally competent health care. F.A. Davis Co.

• • Purnell, L. D. (2009). Guide to culturally competent health care. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co.

• • Purnell, L. D. (2009). Guide to culturally competent health care. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co.

The research you are using for your paper includes research from another source. You want to use this information.  How would you cite it?

• List the name and title of the research followed by the words “as cited in…” then the name of the secondary source. 

• List the name and title of the research in your paper.

• • Use the words “secondary source” and list the source you found the research in. 

• • You cannot use this source unless you locate the primary research, as the source may be quoted incorrectly.

You have retrieved a source from an online journal. What is the correct order for the different pieces of the source information?

• Author. Article Title. Journal Title. URL. (Date).

• Author. (Date). Article Title. Journal Title. URL

• Author. (Date). Article Title. Journal Title. URL

• Author. (Date). Article Title. Journal Title. URL

You are researching vaccination schedules for children and found a document on the Centers for Disease Control website.  The author is not listed.  Which of the options represents the correct formatting for this reference? 

• • Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger, UNITED STATES, (2017, March). Retrieved from https: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/child-adolescent.html

• • Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger, UNITED STATES, (2017, March).

• • Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger, UNITED STATES, (2017, March). https: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/child-adolescent.html

• • Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger, UNITED STATES, (2017, March). Retrieved April 8, 2019 from https: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/child-adolescent.html